Question

【題目】

In the state of Qin (秦國 ) , there was a man called Shang Yang (商鞅). He was a statesman (政治家) and worked out many reforms(改革) for the state, like paying more attention to farming and giving rewards (報酬) to soldiers who were successful when at war.

But these reforms were not easily carried out (執(zhí)行) at first. Most people didn’t trust Shang Yang. In order to solve this problem, Shang Yang came up with an idea. He put a thin wooden pole at the south gate of the Qin capital. Many people came to see him and the pole.

Then, in front of the crowd, Shang Yang said loudly, “The man who takes this pole to the north gate will get 10 gold pieces.”

It was a simple job and the reward was so large. However, some time passed and no one stepped forward. They all thought Shang Yang was making a joke.

Hearing no answer, Shang Yang stepped forward and said, “The reward now goes to 50 gold pieces.”

This reward was unbelievably large. Finally, a man from the crowd came forward. He put the pole on his shoulders and walked to the north gate. True to his word, Shang Yang gave the man 50 gold pieces.

After that, the people of Qin were all talking about what Shang Yang did about the pole. They believed he was a man of his word. So when Shang Yang began carrying out his reforms, the people followed him.

Under these great reforms, Qin grew stronger and stronger. At last, Qin made all the seven states into one empire (帝國).

【1】What did Shang Yang do?

A. A statesman.B. A king.

C. An emperor.D. A soldier.

【2】In order to carry out his reforms, what idea did Shang Yang have?

A. Having a wooden pole carrying competition.

B. Having a wooden pole cutting competition

C. The man stepping forward first would be praised.

D. The man carrying the pole from south gate to the north one would get some gold pieces.

【3】Why did Shang Yang's reward increase at last?

A. Because a man stepped forward.B. Because there wasn’t enough time.

C. Because Shang Yang heard no answer.D. Because Shang Yang was happy.

【4】“They believed he was a man of his word.” What does the underlined part mean?

A. A man who can speak loudly.B. A man who likes to speak a lot.

C. A man who keeps his word.D. A man of few words.

【5】After these great reforms, what happened in the history of China?

A. Shang Yang became the first emperor.B. The first empire of China appeared.

C. The south gate fell down.D. The state of Qin became weaker and weaker.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】A

【2】D

【3】C

【4】C

【5】B

【解析】

本文介紹了商鞅。商鞅是秦國的一位政治家。為國家制定了許多改革方案，比如更加注重農(nóng)業(yè)，給戰(zhàn)爭中成功的士兵獎勵。但這些改革起初并不容易實施。為了讓人們相信他，商鞅想出了一個主意。他在秦都南門放了一根細木桿。并大聲說：“誰把這根桿子帶到北門誰就會會得到10塊金幣。”起初，沒有人向前。他們都認為商鞅是在開玩笑。由于沒人肯出來做，于是他把獎勵增加到50塊金幣。 這次，人群中出現(xiàn)了一個人。他把桿子扛在肩上，走到北門。為了信守諾言，商鞅給了那人50塊金幣。此后，人們對商鞅信任有加，他們相信他是信守諾言的人。于是商鞅就開始實行他的改革，人民也跟著他。在這些偉大的改革下，秦國變得越來越強大。最后，秦始皇把七國統(tǒng)一為一個帝國。

【1】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)He was a statesman (政治家) and worked out many reforms(改革) for the state, like paying more attention to farming and giving rewards (報酬) to soldiers who were successful when at war. 他是一位政治家，為國家制定了許多改革方案，比如更加注重農(nóng)業(yè)，給戰(zhàn)爭中成功的士兵獎勵�？芍�，商鞅是一位政治家。故選A。

【2】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)He put a thin wooden pole at the south gate of the Qin capital. Many people came to see him and the pole. Then, in front of the crowd, Shang Yang said loudly, “The man who takes this pole to the north gate will get 10 gold pieces.” 他在秦都南門放了一根細木桿。許多人來看他和桿子。然后，在人群面前，商鞅大聲說：“把這根桿子帶到北門的人會得到10塊金幣。”可知，為了進行改革，他的想法是能抗著桿子從南門到北門的人會得到10塊金幣。故選D。

【3】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Hearing no answer, Shang Yang stepped forward and said, “The reward now goes to 50 gold pieces.” 商鞅聽不到回答，上前說：“現(xiàn)在獎勵50塊金塊。”可知，商鞅增加獎勵是因為他聽不到回答。故選C。

【4】細節(jié)理解題。A. A man who can speak loudly.能大聲說話的人。B. A man who likes to speak a lot. 喜歡說大話的人。C. A man who keeps his word. 信守諾言的人。D. A man of few words. 寡言少語的人。句子They believed he was a man of his word.的意思是：他們相信他是信守諾言的人。因此a man of his word是“信守諾言”的意思。故選C。

【5】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Under these great reforms, Qin grew stronger and stronger. At last, Qin made all the seven states into one empire (帝國). 在這些偉大的改革下，秦國變得越來越強大。最后，秦始皇把七國統(tǒng)一為一個帝國�？芍�，中國的第一個帝國出現(xiàn)了。故選B。

詞義猜測題是閱讀理解中常見的一種題型，所猜測詞匯可以是生詞，也可以是熟詞新義，還可以是人稱代詞的指代內(nèi)容。詞義猜測題主要考查考生根據(jù)上下文推測詞義和語義的能力，突出考查對語境的分析和把握能力。常見的猜詞法有：(1)利用上下文語境。猜測任何詞義都離不開上下文，所以要借助上下文對需要猜測的詞或短語進行合乎邏輯的推測。 (2)利用定義或解釋性的線索。閱讀文章中的有些生詞往往在其后會有對該詞進行解釋說明的短語或句子，利用它們猜詞義較容易 (3)利用文章的邏輯關(guān)系答題。如并列、對比、因果、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系等。這些邏輯關(guān)系往往通過一些相應(yīng)的詞或短語表達出來，如but, or, however, so, because等。(4)利用構(gòu)詞法知識答題。熟記一些前綴、后綴所表達的意思，不僅可以擴大詞匯量，而且?guī)椭�我們猜測詞義。第4小題的詞義猜測題就是利用第1種解題方法。