Question

【題目】

Like visible light, UV rays are energy waves released by the sun, only they cannot been seen. Some exposure (暴露) to those waves can do a body good. For example, ultraviolet B (UV-B) rays tell human skin to make vitamin D. Too much exposure can be harmful, though. Overexposure to UV rays can cause DNA problems, opening the door for skin cancer. Too much sun can also cause painful sunburns.

There are three different types of UV energy waves. They are UV-A, UV-B and UV-C rays. Each type moves at a different wavelength, with UV-A’s being the longest. Rays of UV-C are considered especially harmful to human beings. Fortunately, we have the ozone (臭氧) layer of the Earth’s atmosphere. It blocks out nearly all of the UV-C rays and most of the UV-B ones.

The moon doesn’t have much of an atmosphere, though. Back on the moon, things are more dangerous. Over the years, astronauts have planted six American flags on the moon. Some scientists think that powerful UV rays could have bleached all the colorful flags white by now. For this reason, the moon is a dangerous place to visit without protection.

You might think that astronauts who visit the moon would come home with terrible sunburns. That didn’t happen to Armstrong and his company. Neil Armstrong was a U.S. astronaut and the first person to walk on the moon. These astronauts all wore special spacesuits on their missions. Spacesuits were made with heavy fabrics that block out UV rays.

When Armstrong set foot on the lunar surface, he was wearing a see-through helmet (頭盔) with sun shades that were made of ultraviolet-stabilized polycarbonate. It is a very tough plastic that protects astronauts’ faces from UV rays. A weaker material could put the space travelers at risk for “snow blindness” and other problems. Conditions like these arise when UV rays damage parts of the human eyes.

Sunscreen (防曬霜) defends us from the UV rays that do pass through the ozone layer. However, there’s really no need for an astronaut to put on sunscreen. The risk of sunburn goes way down when astronauts are inside a spaceship. Inside the International Space Station (ISS), for example, there is no need for special suits. Astronauts regularly do their work in nothing but common cotton shirts and pants. To protect them from sunburns, the ISS uses UV-blocking windows. So do most space exploration ships.

【1】From Paragraph 1, we can know ________

A. UV-B is harmful to our bodyB. vitamin D is good for our body

C. UV rays cause DNA problemsD. skin cancer is caused by the sun

【2】The underlined word “bleach” in Paragraph 3 most probably means “_________”.

A. 漂白B. 傷害C. 刺穿D. 吹拂

【3】Armstrong didn’t get bad sunburns mainly because _________.

A. there was no UV-C ray on the moon

B. the moon had an ozone layer like the earth

C. he wore a special spacesuit and helmet

D. he put on enough special sunscreen

【4】According to the last paragraph, we can learn _________

A. sunscreen plays a great role in protecting astronauts in space

B. astronauts have to do their work in special suits in the ISS

C. UV-blocking windows are regularly used on spaceships

D. the risk of sunburns increases when astronauts are in space

【5】What’s the writer’s purpose of writing the passage?

A. To show how astronauts are protected from UV rays.

B. To introduce the first human who walked on the moon.

C. To describe the new technology used in space.

D. To show how we protect ourselves from sunburns.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】B

【2】A

【3】C

【4】C

【5】A

【解析】

本文介紹了紫外線和可見(jiàn)光一樣，是太陽(yáng)釋放的能量波，只是它們是看不見(jiàn)的。有三種不同類型的紫外線能量波。它們是UV-A、UV-B和UV-C射線。每種類型都以不同的波長(zhǎng)移動(dòng)，其中UV-A是最長(zhǎng)的。紫外線C被認(rèn)為對(duì)人類特別有害。這些宇航員在執(zhí)行任務(wù)時(shí)都穿著特殊的宇航服。太空服是用能阻擋紫外線的重織物制成的。為了保護(hù)他們免受日光灼傷，國(guó)際空間站使用了防紫外線的窗戶。大多數(shù)太空探索船也是如此。

【1】推理判斷題。根據(jù)For example, ultraviolet B (UV-B) rays tell human skin to make vitamin D. 例如，紫外線B（uv-b）可以讓人體皮膚產(chǎn)生維生素D�？梢酝浦�維生素D對(duì)我們的身體有好處。故選B。

【2】詞意猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)Some scientists think that powerful UV rays could have bleached all the colorful flags white by now. 一些科學(xué)家認(rèn)為，強(qiáng)大的紫外線現(xiàn)在可能已經(jīng)把所有的彩色的旗幟漂白成了白色。因此bleach是“漂白”的意思。故選A。

【3】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)These astronauts all wore special spacesuits on their missions. Spacesuits were made with heavy fabrics that block out UV rays. 這些宇航員在執(zhí)行任務(wù)時(shí)都穿著特殊的宇航服。太空服是用能阻擋紫外線的重織物制成的�？芍�，阿姆斯特朗并沒(méi)有受到嚴(yán)重的曬傷，主要是因?yàn)樗�穿著特殊的宇航服和頭盔。故選C。

【4】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由句子To protect them from sunburns, the ISS uses UV-blocking windows. So do most space exploration ships. 為了保護(hù)他們免受日光灼傷，國(guó)際空間站使用了防紫外線的窗戶。大多數(shù)太空探索船也是如此。可知，在宇宙飛船上經(jīng)常使用紫外線阻擋窗。故選C。

【5】主旨大意題。A. To show how astronauts are protected from UV rays. 展示宇航員如何免受紫外線的傷害。B. To introduce the first human who walked on the moon. 介紹第一個(gè)在月球上行走的人。C. To describe the new technology used in space. 描述太空中使用的新技術(shù)。D. To show how we protect ourselves from sunburns. 展示我們?nèi)绾伪Ｗo(hù)自己免受曬傷。本文介紹了宇航員是如何避免受到紫外線的傷害的。故選A。

詞義猜測(cè)題是閱讀理解中常見(jiàn)的一種題型，所猜測(cè)詞匯可以是生詞，也可以是熟詞新義，還可以是人稱代詞的指代內(nèi)容。詞義猜測(cè)題主要考查考生根據(jù)上下文推測(cè)詞義和語(yǔ)義的能力，突出考查對(duì)語(yǔ)境的分析和把握能力。常見(jiàn)的猜詞法有：(1)利用上下文語(yǔ)境。猜測(cè)任何詞義都離不開(kāi)上下文，所以要借助上下文對(duì)需要猜測(cè)的詞或短語(yǔ)進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推測(cè)。 (2)利用定義或解釋性的線索。閱讀文章中的有些生詞往往在其后會(huì)有對(duì)該詞進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明的短語(yǔ)或句子，利用它們猜詞義較容易 (3)利用文章的邏輯關(guān)系答題。如并列、對(duì)比、因果、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系等。這些邏輯關(guān)系往往通過(guò)一些相應(yīng)的詞或短語(yǔ)表達(dá)出來(lái)，如but, or, however, so, because等。(4)利用構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)答題。熟記一些前綴、后綴所表達(dá)的意思，不僅可以擴(kuò)大詞匯量，而且?guī)椭�我們猜測(cè)詞義。第2小題的詞義猜測(cè)題就是利用第1種解題方法。