Question

【題目】

In 1826, a Frenchman named Niepce needed pictures for his business. But he was not a good artist. So he invented a very simple camera. He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of his yard. That was the first photo.

The next important date in the history of photography(攝影) was in 1837. That year, Daguerre, another Frenchman, took a picture of his workroom. He used a new kind of camera and a different process. In his pictures, you could see everything very clearly. This kind of photograph was called a daguerreotype.

Soon, other people began to use Daguerre’s process. Travelers brought back daguerreotypesfrom all around the world. People photographed famous buildings, cities and mountains.

In about 1840, the process was improved. Then photographers could take pictures of people and moving things. The process was not simple. The photographers had to carry lots of films and processing equipment(設(shè)備). But this did not stop the photographers, especially in the United States.

After 1840s daguerreotype artists were popular in most cities.

Mathew Brady was a well-known photographer in the United States. He took many pictures of famous people. The pictures were unusual because they were very life-like and full of personality.

Brady was also the first person to take pictures of war. His 1862 Civil War pictures showed dead soldiers and ruined cities. They made the war seem more real and more terrible.

In the 1880s, new inventions began to change photography. Photographers could buy filmsready-made in rolls(卷). So they did not have to make the film themselves. Also, they did not have to process the film right away. They could bring it back to their workrooms and develop it later.

This means that they did not have to carry lots of equipment. And finally, the invention of the small handheld camera made photography less expensive.

With the small camera, anyone could be a photographer. People began to use cameras just for fun. They took pictures of their families, friends and favorite places.

Photographs became very popular in newspapers in the 1890s. Soon magazines and books alsoused documentary photographs. These pictures showed true events and people. They were much more real than drawing.

Photography also turned into a form of art by the end of the 19th century. Some photographswere not just copies of the real world. They showed ideas and feelings, like other art forms.

【1】The first photo taken by Niepce was a photo of his .

A.yardB.houseC.windowD.workroom

【2】The first photos of war were taken by .

A.a Frenchman in the 1830sB.a French photographer in the 1840s

C.an American in the 1860sD.a British photographer in the 1880s

【3】According to the passage, which shows the correct order?

a. Photographs became popular in newspapers and magazines.

b. Photographers needed to carry processing equipment with them.

c. The invention of small handheld cameras made photography easier. d. Daguerre invented a kind of photograph called daguerreotype.

e. Mathew Brady took life-like pictures of famous people.

A.e-a-d-b-cB.b-e-c-a-dC.d-c-e-a-bD.d-b-e-c-a

【4】The word “film” appears several times in this passage. It most probably means in Chinese.

A.鏡頭B.膠片C.快門D.電影

【5】This passage is mainly about .

A.the invention of small camerasB.how photography became a new art form

C.the development of photographyD.some important photographers in history

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】A

【2】C

【3】D

【4】B

【5】C

【解析】

本篇按照時間的順序敘述了攝影藝術(shù)的發(fā)展以及攝影在媒體中的影響。

【1】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of his yard. That was the first photo.”，可知第一張照片是Niepce的院子，故選A。

【2】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第七段“Brady was also the first person to take pictures of war. His 1862 Civil War pictures showed dead soldiers and ruined cities.”，可知Brady是第一個拍攝戰(zhàn)爭照片，1862年的內(nèi)戰(zhàn)照片，呈現(xiàn)了陣亡的戰(zhàn)士和被摧毀的城市；第一張的戰(zhàn)爭照片是美國人19 世紀(jì)60年代拍的，故選C。

【3】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“The next important date in the history of photography(攝影) was in 1837. That year, Daguerre, another Frenchman, took a picture of his workroom.”可知在1837年達(dá)蓋爾發(fā)明了一種叫做達(dá)蓋爾類型的照片；根據(jù)第四段“In about 1840. The photographers had to carry lots of films and processing equipment(設(shè)備). ”可知在1840年照相的人要帶著很多的設(shè)備；根據(jù)第五、六段“After 1840s daguerreotype artists were popular in most cities.He took many pictures of famous people.” 可知在19 世紀(jì)40年代以后，達(dá)蓋爾型的藝術(shù)家拍了很多著名人物的照片；根據(jù)第八、九段“In the 1880s,And finally, the invention of the small handheld camera made photography less expensive.” 可知在19世紀(jì)80 年代，手拿照相機的發(fā)明讓照相變得比較便宜；根據(jù)第十一段“Photographs became very popular in newspapers in the 1890s. Soon magazines and books alsoused documentary photographs.”可知在19世紀(jì)90年代照片在報紙雜志書都有紀(jì)實照片；根據(jù)時間的順序講明攝影的發(fā)展，故選D。

【4】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第八段“Photographers could buy filmsready-made in rolls(卷). So they did not have to make the film themselves.”—— 攝影師可以買現(xiàn)成的成卷的膠卷。所以他們不必自己制作膠卷；根據(jù)film詞前的Photographers意為“攝影師”，推斷攝影師用的是膠片， 故選B。

【5】主旨大意題。本文根據(jù)時間的順序敘述攝影的發(fā)展；故選C.

本篇是閱讀單選，考查細(xì)節(jié)理解、推理判斷能力和主旨?xì)w納能力。解答前要先快速閱讀全文，理解大意；再閱讀題干，正確理解題干的要求；然后回歸原文，尋找有用信息作答；本篇題型設(shè)定題1、2是細(xì)節(jié)理解題，解答時要在原文中找出題干包含的信息部分，這樣可以正確地捉住有效信息，確保答題的準(zhǔn)確性；題3推理判斷題要仔細(xì)比對原文和題干的信息，按時間順序整理選項。題5是主旨?xì)w納題，要全面了解全文的信息，避免做片面的解答，解答完，要通讀全文，核實答案和原文信息是否一致。