【題目】用方框中所給單詞的適當形式填空,使短文完整正確。

important fill include breathe do advice harm act serious reason

important fill include breathe do advice harm act serious reason

In the winter of these years, the haze weather appears from time to time. Haze is a kind of air pollution in which the air is 1 with dust, smoke and other dry particles. Haze stops people from 2 and seeing things clearly. It is quite 3 to people’s health.

This kind of pollution comes from all kinds of 4, especially natural and man-made sources. There are many natural sources 5 windblown dust from wildfires. There are also man-made sources, such as motor vehicles, and industrial fuel burning. Many factories produce the smog that 6 influences the air.

Haze has 7 great harm to our daily life. For example, many traffic accidents happen because of the haze weather.

People have realized the great harm caused by the smog and the 8 of protecting the environment. People all over the country are taking 9 to cut down the air pollution. The government 10 people to use public transportation to go to school or work.

Besides, we should pull together to plant more trees to improve the environment. Don’t forget, we have only one earth.

【答案】

1filled

2breathing

3harmful

4reasons

5including

6seriously

7done

8importance

9action

10advices

【解析】

文章大意:本文主要介紹了什么是霧霾,霧霾的危害以及解決措施,號召我們要保護環(huán)境。

1句意:霧霾是一種空氣污染,空氣中充滿了灰塵、煙霧等干燥顆粒。根據(jù)前面的系動詞is,和后面的介詞with,可知此處考查固定搭配be filled with意為“充滿,裝滿”,故答案填filled。

2句意:霧霾使人們不能呼吸和看清事物。根據(jù)Haze stops people from __2__ and seeing things clearly.結合常識,可知此處表示“霧霾阻止人們呼吸”,應選breathe;stop sb. from doing sth.意為“阻止某人做某事”,故答案填breathing。

3句意:它對人們的健康是很有害的。根據(jù)to people’s health,聯(lián)系上文,可知此處表示“它對人們的健康很有害”,應選harm;系動詞is后跟形容詞做表語,be harmful to“對有害”,故答案填harmful。

4句意:這種污染來自各種各樣的原因,尤其是自然和人為的來源。根據(jù)后半句“…especially natural and man-made sources.”可知,這種污染來自于各種各樣的原因,應選reasonall kinds of各種各樣的,所以reason應用其復數(shù),故答案填reasons。

5句意:有許多自然資源,包括野火中吹來的灰塵。根據(jù)下文“There are also man-made sources, such as motor vehicles, and industrial fuel burning.”可知,此處表示有許多自然資源,應包括從野火中吹來的灰塵,應選include,分析句子結構可知此處用其介詞形式including,故答案填including。

6句意:許多工廠產生的煙霧嚴重影響了空氣根據(jù)Many factories produce the smog that __6__ influences the air.結合常識及上下文可知,此處表示“許多工廠產生的煙霧嚴重影響了空氣”,應選serious; that引導的定語從句,修飾somg,that作為主語,空格處修飾動詞influence,所以應用副詞seriously“嚴重地”,故答案填seriously

7句意:霧霾已對我們的日常生活造成了很大的危害。do harm to意為“對…有害”,為固定搭配;根據(jù)句意“霧霾已對我們的日常生活造成了很大的危害。”表達的動作發(fā)生在過去,對現(xiàn)在造成一定的影響,所以用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài),其結構為have/has+動詞過去分詞,故答案填done。

8句意:人們已經認識到煙霧造成的巨大危害和保護環(huán)境的重要性。根據(jù)下文“People all over the country are taking __9__ to cut down the air pollution.”可知,人們已經認識到煙霧造成的巨大危害和保護環(huán)境的重要性,應選important,the后跟名詞,importance“重要”,不可數(shù)名詞故答案填importance。

9句意:全國人民正在采取行動減少空氣污染。根據(jù)People all over the country are taking __9__ to cut down the air pollution. 可知此處句意為“全國人民正在采取行動減少空氣污染!take action意為“采取行動”,為動詞短語,所以應用act的名詞形式action,故答案填action。

10句意:政府建議人們使用公共交通工具去上學或上班。根據(jù)The government __10__ people to use public transportation to go to school or work.可知,句中缺少動詞,結合備選詞匯和句意可知,應選advice,動詞,意思是“建議”;advice sb to do sth.“建議某人做某事,句子表達的是客觀事實,時態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時,主語the government為單數(shù),故答案填advices。

本題為短文填空,首先要快速瀏覽全文,理解短文的大致意思,再精讀短文注意所填的詞在句中的詞性、時態(tài)等等。然后根據(jù)句意、上下文聯(lián)系、語境及所給出的備選詞匯選擇合適的詞語,最后根據(jù)該單詞在句子中的成分所起的作用,確定單詞的詞形,進行適當?shù)脑~形變化如,第1小題,根據(jù)題干可知句意為“霧霾是一種空氣污染,空氣中充滿了灰塵、煙霧等干燥顆粒!苯Y合備選詞匯可知應選擇fill,再根據(jù)前面的系動詞is,可知此處考查固定搭配be filled with意為“充滿,裝滿”,故答案填filled。第6小題,根據(jù)句意可知應選擇serious“嚴重的”形容詞;由題干可知設空處在句中修飾后面的動詞,所以應用其副詞形式seriously“嚴重地”,故答案填seriously。

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