Question

【題目】

Two new studies suggest that modern running shoes could increase the risk of injuries（損傷）to runners.

One study involved sixty-eight healthy young women and men who ran at least twenty-four kilometers a week. The runners were watched on a running machine. Sometimes they wore running shoes. Other times they ran barefoot（赤腳）.

Researchers from the University of Virginia and the University of Colorado did the study. They found that running shoes create more stress that could hurt knees, hips and ankle joints than running barefoot. They watched that the effect was even greater than the effect reported earlier for walking in high heels（高跟鞋）. The study appeared in an official scientific magazine.

The other study appeared in the journal Nature. It compared runners in the United States and Kenya. The researchers were from Harvard University, Moi University in Kenya and the University of Glasgow. They divided the runners into three groups. One group had always run shoeless. Another group had always run with shoes. And the third group had changed to shoeless running.

Runners who wear shoes usually come down heel first. That puts great force on the back of the foot. But the study found that barefoot runners generally land on the front or middle of their foot. That way they feel relaxed when landing and avoid hitting their heel hard.

Harvard’s Daniel Lieberman led the study. He says the way most running shoes are designed may explain why those who wear them land on their heels. The heel of the shoe is bigger and heavier than other parts of the shoe, so it would seem more likely to come down first. Also, the heel generally has thick material under it to soften landings.

But the researchers do not suggest that runners immediately start running barefoot. They say it takes some training. And there can be risks, like running when your feet are too cold to feel if you get injured.

The study was partly supported by Vibram, which makes a kind of footwear that it says is like running barefoot. The findings have gotten a lot of attention. But the researchers say there are many problems. So they have tried to explain their findings on a Harvard Website.

【1】Why do running shoes increase the risk of injuries to runners?

A.Runners usually land on the front of the foot first.

B.They’re much bigger and heavier than high heels.

C.They have a big effect on the way the runners run.

D.Runners always run in small size running shoes.

【2】What can we learn from the passage?

A.No one will run with running shoes in the future.

B.High heels’ design is better than running shoes’.

C.Runners won’t be injured if they run barefoot.

D.Most running shoes are designed improperly.

【3】What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage?

A.To explain why people like running with running shoes.

B.To show running without shoes is of benefit to runners.

C.To encourageall the runners to try to run barefoot now.

D.To help people know the feelings of running with shoes.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】D

【3】B

【解析】

短文大意：本文介紹了兩項(xiàng)新的研究，結(jié)果顯示，穿跑鞋對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)員的傷害會(huì)很大，而赤腳跑步能夠減輕對(duì)膝蓋、腳踝等的傷害，對(duì)跑步者有好處。

【1】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“running shoes create more stress that could hurt knees, hips and ankle joints than running barefoot. They watched that the effect was even greater than the effect reported earlier for walking in high heels跑鞋比赤腳跑步產(chǎn)生的壓力更大，可能會(huì)傷害膝蓋、臀部和踝關(guān)節(jié)。他們觀察到，這種效果甚至比之前報(bào)道的穿高跟鞋走路的效果還要大”，結(jié)合下文的三組實(shí)驗(yàn)，可知不同的跑步方式風(fēng)險(xiǎn)也不一樣，穿鞋跑步的人通常先腳跟著地可能會(huì)傷害到膝蓋、臀部和踝關(guān)節(jié)，所以They have a big effect on the way the runners run（它們對(duì)跑步者的跑步方式有很大的影響）符合題意，故選C。

【2】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。A. 將來(lái)沒(méi)有人會(huì)穿跑鞋跑步；根據(jù)“But the researchers do not suggest that runners immediately start running barefoot”可知說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤。B. 高跟鞋“設(shè)計(jì)比跑鞋好”；根據(jù)“They watched that the effect was even greater than the effect reported earlier for walking in high heels”可知說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤。C. 跑步者赤腳跑步不會(huì)受傷；根據(jù)“And there can be risks, like running when your feet are too cold to feel if you get injured”可知說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤。D. 大多數(shù)跑鞋設(shè)計(jì)不當(dāng)；根據(jù)“the way most running shoes are designed may explain why those who wear them land on their heels”可知說(shuō)法正確。綜合以上分析，故選D。

【3】文章主旨題。根據(jù)開(kāi)頭“modern running shoes could increase the risk of injuries to runners現(xiàn)代跑鞋可能會(huì)增加跑步者受傷的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”和最后“But the researchers do not suggest that runners immediately start running barefoot但是研究人員并不建議跑步者立即赤腳跑步”，結(jié)合文中的分組實(shí)驗(yàn)，可知赤腳跑步對(duì)跑步者有好處，To show running without shoes is of benefit to runners符合題意，故選B。