【題目】短文填空 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容及首字母提示,補(bǔ)全空格內(nèi)單詞,使短文完整、通順。
Everyone knows that second-hand smoke is as dangerous as first-hand
smoke. But have you h【1】 of "third-hand" smoke?
Third-hand smoke means the pollution left on the surfaces (表面) of things around, l【2】 furniture or clothes. When someone smokes in a room, poisonous particles(粒子) in tobacco (煙草) smoke land on the surfaces of the furniture or his clothes, even after the cigarette (香煙) has been put out. This can cause a great danger to your family, e【3】
younger children.
Babies have only just learned to walk. They are more likely to be harmed by third-hand smoke. This is b【4】 they are often close to surfaces of things. such as floors, walls and furniture where tobacco particles remain. When they t【5】 these surfaces, they get their hands polluted.
So, it is necessary and important to say n【6】 to third-hand smoke. To achieve this, strict r【7】 for forbidding (禁止) smoking inside homes should be carved out. If one of your family members smokes, please make sure he smokes o【8】 the house. Get him a special jacket and hat, so once he f【9】 smoking, he will take them off before getting inside the house. Moreover, make sure that a smoker washes his hands and face, and changes his clothes before picking up the baby.
Many times, you cannot see the smoke doing harm to your child, but it doesn't mean he or she is s【10】". Give up smoking, or if that is not possible, make sure that your loved ones, far away from third-hand smoke.
【答案】
【1】heard
【2】like
【3】especially
【4】because
【5】touch
【6】no
【7】rules
【8】outside
【9】finished
【10】safe
【解析】
本文介紹了“三手”煙的危害。“三手”煙是指:附著在家具或衣服等周圍物體表面上的煙草顆粒。這會(huì)對家庭,尤其是年幼的孩子造成很大的危險(xiǎn)。因?yàn)閶雰簞倢W(xué)會(huì)走路,當(dāng)他們接觸這些表面時(shí),他們的手會(huì)受到污染。因此對第三手煙說“不”是必要和重要的。應(yīng)該制定嚴(yán)格的規(guī)定禁止在家里吸煙。
【1】句意:但是你聽說過“三手”煙嗎?由語境和首字母提示可知,填:hear;hear of:聽說。分析句子But have you h_____1_____ of "third-hand" smoke?的結(jié)構(gòu)可知,本題為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的一般疑問句,其結(jié)構(gòu)是:助動(dòng)詞has/have+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞。故答案為:heard。
【2】句意:第“三手”煙是指家具或衣服等周圍物體表面上的污染物。由語境和首字母提示可知,填:like;like在這里用來表示舉例,所以答案為:like。
【3】句意:這會(huì)對你的家庭,尤其是年幼的孩子造成很大的危險(xiǎn)。由語境和首字母提示可知,填:especially;especially是個(gè)副詞,表示陳述某一事實(shí)之后,列舉一個(gè)具有代表性的例子,作進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào),其后可接名詞、介詞短語、從句等。本題就是這種用法,用especially來列舉一個(gè)具有代表性的例子(younger children),來進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)“三手”煙的危害。故答案為:especially。
【4】句意:這是因?yàn)樗鼈兘?jīng)常接近如地板、墻壁和家具上殘留著煙草顆粒的物體的表面。由語境和首字母提示可知,填:because;根據(jù)Babies have only just learned to walk. They are more likely to be harmed by third-hand smoke. 嬰兒剛學(xué)會(huì)走路。他們更有可能受到第三手煙的傷害?芍,因?yàn)閶雰簞倢W(xué)會(huì)走路,所以他們會(huì)扶著這些物體,因此接觸的機(jī)會(huì)就多,因此會(huì)受到危害。這里解釋了嬰兒受到危害的原因,故答案為:because。
【5】句意:當(dāng)他們接觸這些表面時(shí),他們的手會(huì)受到污染。由語境和首字母提示可知,填:touch;主句they get their hands polluted. 他們的手會(huì)受到污染?芍绢}的時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),因此再由when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),主語they是復(fù)數(shù),因此謂語用動(dòng)詞原形。故答案為:touch。
【6】句意:所以,對第三手煙說“不”是必要和重要的。由語境和首字母提示可知,填:no;say no to:對……說“不”;這里是指拒絕三手煙。故答案為:no。
【7】句意:為此,應(yīng)制定嚴(yán)格的規(guī)定禁止在家里吸煙。由語境和首字母提示可知,填:rule;根據(jù)forbidding (禁止) smoking inside homes禁止在家里吸煙,中的homes是復(fù)數(shù),因此前面的名詞應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故答案為:rules。
【8】句意:如果你的一個(gè)家庭成員有吸煙的,請確保他在屋外吸煙。由語境和首字母提示可知,填:outside;根據(jù)To achieve this, strict r_____7_____ for forbidding (禁止) smoking inside homes should be carved out. 應(yīng)制定嚴(yán)格的規(guī)定禁止在家里吸煙?芍,如果你的一個(gè)家庭成員有吸煙的,應(yīng)該是讓他在屋外吸煙。故答案為:outside。
【9】句意:給他買一件特別的夾克和帽子,等他抽完煙,他就在進(jìn)屋前把它們脫掉。由語境和首字母提示可知,填:finish;根據(jù)he will take them off before getting inside the house. 他就在進(jìn)屋前把它們脫掉?芍M(jìn)屋前,煙已經(jīng)吸完了,因此動(dòng)作是發(fā)生在過去。故用一般過去時(shí),所以答案為:finished。
【10】句意:很多時(shí)候,你看不到煙對你的孩子有害,但這并不意味著他或她是安全的。由語境和首字母提示可知,填:safe;根據(jù)but表示轉(zhuǎn)折,說明:盡管看不到煙對孩子的危害,但這并不意味著他或她是安全的。因此才有了下文的Give up smoking, or if that is not possible, make sure that your loved ones, far away from third-hand smoke. 戒煙,或者如果不可能的話,確保你所愛的人遠(yuǎn)離三手煙。所以答案為:safe。
英語首字母填空技巧
1. 通讀短文知大意,看整體全面了解來源:
與閱讀理解題和其它類型的完形填空一樣,首先要通讀短文,了解文章的大意。每篇短文段落之間必然承上啟下、前呼后應(yīng)。因此通讀全文時(shí)要一氣呵成,只要能了解短文的大意即可,細(xì)節(jié)不理解可以跳過。因此,在解題之前通讀一遍短文,目的是對文章有個(gè)全面的了解,弄清其中心思想和大意。
2. 復(fù)讀短文抓信息,前后照應(yīng)巧猜詞
在了解文章大意的前提之下再次通讀短文,目的是對短文有更進(jìn)一步的了解。在閱讀時(shí)要特別注意一篇文章的開頭(一般不設(shè)空)和結(jié)尾,它們能提供主要的信息,幫助了解全文所描述的事件或文章的中心思想。在閱讀過程中,要注意上、下文的關(guān)系,這對于把握文章的整體意義大有用處。另外,要學(xué)會(huì)跳讀,即對不理解的地方采用暫時(shí)回避的方式,待真正理解全文之后再找解決的方法。有些短文填空題,有時(shí)出現(xiàn)約 3%~5% 的生詞是很正常的,這就要求學(xué)生根據(jù)構(gòu)詞知識(shí)或上、下文的意思加以猜測,來確定它的詞義。
3. 反復(fù)推敲多分析,慎重答題講合理
再次通讀短文,對留空的句子進(jìn)行全面的分析,看它在全文中所處的位置、作用和意義。這一遍閱讀要求是精心閱讀,要留心找出關(guān)鍵詞、短語或句子,還要結(jié)合所給首字母的提示,進(jìn)行填寫,并注意單詞的正確形式。例如:第3小題,句意:這會(huì)對你的家庭,尤其是年幼的孩子造成很大的危險(xiǎn)。由語境和首字母提示可知,填:especially;especially是個(gè)副詞,表示陳述某一事實(shí)之后,列舉一個(gè)具有代表性的例子,作進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào),其后可接名詞、介詞短語、從句等。本題就是這種用法,用especially來列舉一個(gè)具有代表性的例子(younger children),來進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)“三手”煙的危害。故答案為:especially。
4. 認(rèn)真復(fù)查全文,把握整體和詞形來源:
做完以后,再認(rèn)真讀一遍,檢查所填寫的單詞是否與文章要求相符,文章是否通順,前后是否呼應(yīng),有無句型結(jié)構(gòu)及語法錯(cuò)誤。
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