【題目】根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和首字母提示填詞。（每空一詞）

It would be difficult to find one herring (鯡魚(yú)) swimming alone in the sea. Herring always swim in groups c【1】schools. Sometimes hundreds of thousands of small, silvery herring swim together, covering the surface of the sea for miles.

In a school of herring, all the fish are about the same size and age. Since n【2】 of the fish is older or wiser than the others, there is no leader, or “teacher”. All the fish is in a school swim in the same d【3】 and at the same speed. When one turns, they all turn. When there is danger, the fish move closer together.

One 【4】 that herring swim in schools is that they are more protected from danger. Herring have no defense weapons (防衛(wèi)武器) to use a【5】 their many enemies in the sea. When they crowded together, the fish inside the group are p【6】 by the bodies of the ones on the outside. A school of close swimming herring may look like a s【7】 , giant fish. Some enemies may be frightened away by the large shape.

As the herring g【8】 larger, the school is attacked by larger, hungry fish. Each time some herring are lost, but many survive. The survivors stay t【9】 in smaller schools or join another school of herring.

Female herring do not lay eggs u【10】they are three or four years old. Each mature fish can lay as many as 40000 eggs. From these eggs come some new schools of herring to replace the disappearing older schools.

【答案】

【1】called

【2】none

【3】direction

【4】reason

【5】against

【6】protected

【7】strong

【8】grows

【9】together

【10】until

【解析】

本文介紹了鯡魚(yú)。鯡魚(yú)總是成群結(jié)隊(duì)地一起游泳。它們以同樣的速度向同樣的方向游動(dòng)。鯡魚(yú)沒(méi)有防御武器用來(lái)對(duì)付海里的許多敵人。因此它們會(huì)擠在一起，這樣群里的魚(yú)會(huì)受到外面魚(yú)的身體的保護(hù)。所以集群行動(dòng)在鯡魚(yú)的生活中，有著極其重要的意義和作用。

【1】句意：鯡魚(yú)總是成群結(jié)隊(duì)地游泳，被稱(chēng)為魚(yú)群。

由語(yǔ)境和所給的首字母提示可知，應(yīng)該填：call；分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本題應(yīng)該用call的過(guò)去分詞形式，做后置定語(yǔ)，修飾后面的名詞schools。故答案為：called。

【2】句意：因?yàn)闆](méi)有一條魚(yú)比其他魚(yú)更老或更聰明，所以沒(méi)有領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者或“老師”。

根據(jù)“In a school of herring, all the fish are about the same size and age.”在一群鯡魚(yú)中，所有的魚(yú)都差不多大小和年齡�？芍�，應(yīng)該是沒(méi)有一條魚(yú)比其他魚(yú)更老或更聰明，所以沒(méi)有領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者或“老師”。再結(jié)合首字母提示可知，應(yīng)該填none，none表示三個(gè)或多于三個(gè)人、事物中“一個(gè)都沒(méi)有”的意思，none做主語(yǔ)，多與of 構(gòu)成短語(yǔ) none of；故答案為：none。

【3】句意：所有的魚(yú)在一個(gè)魚(yú)群里以同樣的方向和速度游泳。

根據(jù)“When one turns, they all turn.”當(dāng)一個(gè)人轉(zhuǎn)身，他們都會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)身�？芍�，它們應(yīng)該是以同樣的方向游泳；再結(jié)合首字母提示可知，應(yīng)該填direction，the same direction：同樣的方向。故答案為：direction。

【4】句意：鯡魚(yú)以集群行動(dòng)的方式游泳的一個(gè)原因是它們能受到更多的保護(hù)。

根據(jù)“Herring have no defense weapons (防衛(wèi)武器) to use a 5 their many enemies in the sea.”鯡魚(yú)沒(méi)有防御武器用來(lái)對(duì)付海里的許多敵人�？芍�，這是鯡魚(yú)以集群的方式游泳的一個(gè)原因。再結(jié)合首字母提示可知，應(yīng)該填reason，reason用作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，通常接that從句作賓語(yǔ)。故答案為：reason。

【5】句意：鯡魚(yú)沒(méi)有防御武器用來(lái)對(duì)付海里的許多敵人。

分析句子“Herring have no defense weapons (防衛(wèi)武器) to use a 5 their many enemies in the sea.”的結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本題應(yīng)該填一個(gè)介詞，再結(jié)合首字母提示可知，應(yīng)該填against；against介詞，反對(duì)；該句話的語(yǔ)境是：鯡魚(yú)沒(méi)有防御武器用來(lái)對(duì)付海里的許多敵人。故答案為：against。

【6】句意：當(dāng)它們擠在一起的時(shí)候，群里的魚(yú)會(huì)受到外面魚(yú)的身體的保護(hù)。

根據(jù)“When they crowded together, the fish inside the group are p 6 by the bodies of the ones on the outside.”可知，當(dāng)它們擠在一起的時(shí)候，群里的魚(yú)應(yīng)該是會(huì)受到外面魚(yú)的身體的保護(hù)。再結(jié)合首字母提示可知，應(yīng)該填protect；在發(fā)現(xiàn)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本題應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)句。其結(jié)構(gòu)是：am/is/are+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞。be protected by：被……保護(hù)。故答案為：protected。

【7】句意：一群近距離游泳的鯡魚(yú)看起來(lái)像一條強(qiáng)壯的大魚(yú)。

根據(jù)“Some enemies may be frightened away by the large shape.”一些敵人可能會(huì)被這個(gè)巨大的形狀嚇跑。可知，一群近距離游泳的鯡魚(yú)看起來(lái)像一條強(qiáng)壯的大魚(yú)。再結(jié)合首字母提示可知，應(yīng)該填strong；strong形容詞“強(qiáng)壯的，強(qiáng)大的”，做定語(yǔ)修飾后面的名詞。故答案為：strong。

【8】句意：隨著鯡魚(yú)越來(lái)越大，魚(yú)群會(huì)受到更大，更饑餓的魚(yú)的攻擊。

根據(jù)空后面的形容詞larger，可知，前面應(yīng)該有一個(gè)系動(dòng)詞，再結(jié)合首字母提示可知，應(yīng)該填grow；grow有“逐漸變化”的含義，強(qiáng)調(diào)變化的過(guò)程。其前面的主語(yǔ)the herring是單數(shù)，因此grow用三單形式。故答案為：grows。

【9】句意：幸存者們呆在較小的集群里或加入另一個(gè)鯡魚(yú)集群。

根據(jù)“Each time some herring are lost, but many survive.”每次都有一些鯡魚(yú)丟了，但很多都活了下來(lái)�？芍�，這些活下來(lái)的鯡魚(yú)仍會(huì)待在一起。再結(jié)合首字母提示可知，應(yīng)該填together；stay together：呆在一起。故答案為：together。

【10】句意：雌鯡魚(yú)三四歲才下蛋。

句子“they are three or four years old.”是一個(gè)表示時(shí)間的句子，因此前面應(yīng)該用until引導(dǎo)，not…until…：直到……才……；故答案為：until。

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