Question

【題目】

A Johns Hopkins University researcher, Melville J. Wohlgemuth, noticed that the hats he worked with turned their heads to the side when hunting. "It's a lovely behavior, and I was curious about the purpose, " he said. "I wanted to know when bats were doing this and why. It seemed to happen as hats were targeting prey（瞄準(zhǔn)獵物）, and that turned out to he the case."

Wohigemuth's team found that a bat's head and ear movements went with the animal's sonar vocalizations（聲納發(fā)聲）to help it hunt. The findings show how movements can strengthen signals used by senses like sight and hearing-not just in bats, but in dogs and cats, and even in humans.

Bats' use of echo-location（回聲定位）to find, locate and catch prey is well documented. But the lead author Wohlgemuth and his team are the first to show how the mysterious head and ear movements influence the hunt.

The researchers used a novel method to study the head and ear movements of the big brown bat, a common bat species. First, researchers trained the bat to sit on a platform while tracking moving prey. After that, the researchers fixed markers to the top of the bat's head and both ears. The markers allowed the team to measure the head and ear positions as the bat tracked the prey moving in various directions.

They found the head movements took place when the prey changed direction or moved unpredictably. The ear movements happened as the prey grew closer, which helped the bat hear the echoes it used to track and catch the prey. Most notably, these head and ear movements went with the bat's vocalizations, allowing the animal to locate where the prey exactly was.

Co-author Cynthia F. Moss said other similar studies missed the importance of head and ear movements, because laboratories usually observed the subject with a fixed head position. That's not how animals operate in the real world, when their heads are free to move.

Moss compared the bat's head and ear movements to those of other species that use active sensing to process important information. "By studying these movements, " she said, "we as humans can get insight into how movements help animals sense their environment."

【1】The research of Wohlgemuth and his team is the first to prove that ___________ ·

A.head and ear movements help bats locate the prey

B.animals send signals to help them hunt more quickly

C.humans learn to hunt by copying animals' movements

D.sonar vocalizations can work for both animals and humans

【2】The fourth paragraph is mainly about ___________ .

A.how the bat uses head and ear movements to track moving prey

B.how the researchers studied the head and ear movements of the bat

C.how the bat is trained to track the prey by moving its head and ears

D.how the researchers measured the moving hat's head and ear positions

【3】Which is the best title for the passage?

A.Bats: A Master of Night HuntingB.Bats: A Model of Fast Movements

C.Bats: An Expert of Exact LocationD.Bats: An Example of Mysterious Animals

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】A

【2】B

【3】C

【解析】

文章主要介紹的是研究人員通過研究蝙蝠捕捉獵物時(shí)頭部的轉(zhuǎn)動來證實(shí)神秘的頭部和耳朵運(yùn)動是如何影響狩獵的。以及這些運(yùn)動如何幫助動物感知環(huán)境。

【1】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中Wohigemuth’s team found that a bat’s head and ear movements went with the animal’s sonar vocalizations（聲納發(fā)聲）to help it hunt.及Bats’ use of echo-location（回聲定位）to find, locate and catch prey is well documented.蝙蝠的頭部和耳朵的運(yùn)動有助于蝙蝠捕獵，蝙蝠利用回聲定位來發(fā)現(xiàn)和定位獵物，故選A。

【2】段意概括題。根據(jù)文中The researchers used a novel method to study the head and ear movements of the big brown bat, a common bat species.研究人員使用了一種新的方法來研究一種常見的蝙蝠大棕色蝙蝠的頭部和耳朵運(yùn)動�？芍�答案，故選B。

【3】最佳標(biāo)題題。根據(jù)整篇文章的理解可知，主要講述的是研究蝙蝠如何通過頭部和耳朵的運(yùn)動來更好的準(zhǔn)確地定位獵物，以便更好的捕捉獵物，所以C選項(xiàng)比較符合，故選C。