Question

【題目】 Do you know viruses (病毒) and bacteria (細(xì)菌)? Both of them are very small, we can't see them with our eyes, and many people know nothing about them, In fact, there are a number of differences between viruses and bacteria. Bacterium, the singular form of the word bacteria, is a one-celled (單細(xì)胞) living thing, with complete sets of both RNA and DNA genetic codes (遺傳密碼). For viruses, some are sections of RNA, and the others are sections of DNA. So, bacterium is at least a hundred times larger than a typical virus.

One main difference between viruses and bacteria is the method of reproduction. A bacterium is a completely independent and self-reproducing unit. When the time is right, bacterium will divide its DNA and RNA genetic material in two. This is how bacteria live in almost every environment on Earth, including non-living things like rocks or plastic.

A virus, on the other hand, cannot reproduce without a living host. A virus may lie for thousands of years before finally coming into a suitable host. Once it enters the body of a host, a virus will get in the ling cell. Once inside a living cell, a virus takes the place of the living cell's DNA or RNA genetic instructions with its own. Those instructions are usually to make as many copies of the virus as possible.

Ninety-nine percent of all known bacteria are considered useful to humans, or at least have no bad influence. But most viruses, on the other hand, serve no good purpose. Their only purpose is to create more viruses in order to make themselves continue to live.

Bacteria are alive, which means they can be killed by some form of chemical things. Antibiotics (抗生素) can kill bacteria. Viruses, by comparison, are not considered living things. They cannot be 'killed' in the same way as antibiotics kill bacteria. In fact, any medicine is useless for virus' infections. The disease must run its course until the body can make a successful protection on its own.

Viruses and Bacteria
Similarity	Both are too small 【1】 with our eyes.
Differences		Viruses	Bacteria
	What they're like	● They are not living things.	● They are living things.
		● A virus is a section of 【2】 RNA 【3】 DNA.	● A bacterium has complete sets of both RNA and DNA genetic codes.
		● A virus is much smaller than a bacterium.
	How they reproduce	A virus can not copy without a living host	A bacterium can reproduce 【4】 in almost every environment on Earth.
	How they influence humans	Most of them do 【5】humans.	Most of them are considered useful to humans, or at least have no bad influence.
【6】for viruses and bacteria	We can use antibiotics to kill bacteria while for viruses it only depends on if our body can make a successful protection on its own.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】to see

【2】either

【3】or

【4】genetic material

【5】something bad for

【6】Prevention

【解析】

本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了病毒和細(xì)菌之間的相同點(diǎn)和差別。

【1】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第1大段“Both of them are very small, we can't see them with our eyes,”它們都很小，我們眼睛看不到。聯(lián)系題干的意思是太小了而眼睛看不到，too…to太……而不能；太小了而看不到，see。故答案填to see。

【2】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第1大段“For viruses, some are sections of RNA, and the others are sections of DNA.”對(duì)于病毒來說，有些是RNA片段，有些是DNA片段�？芍�，病毒要么是RNA片段，要么是DNA片段。要么……要么either…or。故答案填either。

【3】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第1大段“For viruses, some are sections of RNA, and the others are sections of DNA.”對(duì)于病毒來說，有些是RNA片段，有些是DNA片段�？芍�，病毒要么是RNA片段，要么是DNA片段。要么……要么either…or。故答案填or。

【4】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第2大段“When the time is right, bacterium will divide its DNA and RNA genetic material in two.”當(dāng)時(shí)機(jī)成熟時(shí)，細(xì)菌會(huì)將其DNA和RNA遺傳物質(zhì)一分為二�？芍�，細(xì)菌會(huì)繁衍遺傳物質(zhì)。故答案填genetic material。

【5】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第4大段“But most viruses, on the other hand, serve no good purpose.”但是另一方面，大部分的病毒沒有什么好用途�？芍�，對(duì)人類是有害的。故答案填something bad for。

【6】推理判斷題。聯(lián)系右邊表格信息“We can use antibiotics to kill bacteria while for viruses it only depends on if our body can make a successful protection on its own.”我們可以使用抗生素來殺死細(xì)菌，而對(duì)于病毒來說，這只取決于我們的身體是否能成功地自我保護(hù)�？芍�，這是對(duì)病毒和細(xì)菌的防范，prevention名詞預(yù)防。故答案填Prevention。