Question

【題目】 The FDA is the common name for the Food and Drug Administration (食品藥品監(jiān)督管理局). It is a government agency that makes consumer goods safe. It regulates(調(diào)節(jié)) food and the food supply. It also controls diet supplement(供給). The FDA also makes sure that drugs and medical instruments are safe and effective.

For drugs and medical machines to be accepted, they must go through a certain process. There are many strict tests. First, anything that humans use must be tested on animals. This may take up to 6 years. Then, it must be tested with a few people. Testing on 15 to 20 people can last up to a year and a half. Third, a mid-sized group (100 to 500 people) is used. This often takes two years. Then a large group is tested over 3 years. Of 5,000 drugs discovered, only 5 go to the final test. Of that, only one passes on to the market.

Food supplements like ginseng(人參) follow a different path. The FDA does not test them as they do for drugs. The agency only controls these products if they are unsafe but are already being sold. Two exceptions are baby and medical food. Because those that use them are not strong, the FDA is more careful with these products.

Labeling(標(biāo)簽) is a major focus. A label must show what a product is for. For drugs, labels should say the name of the drug and what it is used for. It should also detail who should take it and list any side effects. It needs to detail directions for pregnant women, children, or old people. It also needs to detail safety information.

The FDA protects the public from harm. It achieves this through controls and labeling. It has standards for effectiveness in medical products. It also has standards for how information is shared.

【1】According to the passage, how many drugs make it to the market?

A.Nearly five thousand.B.One of five thousand.

C.Five of five thousand.D.Over five thousand.

【2】The writer uses food supplements as an example of which of the following?

A.Things the FDA avoidsB.Things the FDA controls

C.Things the FDA buysD.Things the FDA refuses

【3】What do we know about labeling from paragraph 4?

A.It is a necessary way to protect the public.

B.It does not matter if people read the labels or not.

C.It is only good if people can find the label.

D.It has no use if doctors tell people what to do.

【4】Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?

A.B.C.D.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】B

【2】B

【3】A

【4】B

【解析】

這篇短文主要介紹了食品藥品監(jiān)督管理局的功能作用及它對(duì)藥品和醫(yī)療器械等的監(jiān)管流程。

【1】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Of 5,000 drugs discovered, only 5 go to the final test. Of that, only one passes on to the market.”可知五千分之一的藥能進(jìn)入市場(chǎng)，故選B。

【2】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段介紹食品藥品監(jiān)督管理局對(duì)類似人參這樣的補(bǔ)品采取不測(cè)試只管控的途徑可知作者使用補(bǔ)品作為FDA控制物品的例子來介紹，故選B。

【3】推理判斷題。第四段介紹了標(biāo)簽必須顯示產(chǎn)品的用途、詳細(xì)說明服用對(duì)象、列出任何副作用、為孕婦、兒童或老人提供詳細(xì)的指導(dǎo)、介紹詳細(xì)的安全信息，由此推斷標(biāo)簽保護(hù)公眾遠(yuǎn)離傷害，故選A。

【4】文章結(jié)構(gòu)題。這篇短文第一段總述食品藥品監(jiān)督管理局的職能，第二、三、四段分別介紹管理局對(duì)藥品、補(bǔ)品及標(biāo)簽的具體管理，最后一段總述食品藥品監(jiān)督管理局的作用。故選B。