What makes us who we are? This question has two different answers. One is the environment that surrounds us when we grow up, and the other is our genes (基因). In English, this is called the “nature vs nurture debate(辯論)”. Nature means genes, and nurture means environment, including the people around you.
There is a famous saying: “Give me a child until the age of 7 and I’ll show you the man.” Now, there is a scientific research to support this famous saying.
They watched small birds in new environments, and wrote down how much they explored(探索). Birds that grew up with very outgoing birds were more outgoing themselves. Scientists at the universities of Exeter, UK and Hamburg, Germany did studies on birds. They found that their personalities（個(gè)性） were affected most by the birds around them when they grew up – more so than genes.
Nick Royle from the University of Exeter in the UK said the research was surprising because it shows that “for these birds, personality is mainly determined（決定） by environment.” However, human personalities are a lot more complicated than birds, so there is much we still don’t know. The nature vs nurture debate will continue for a long time, if not forever.
小題1:The famous saying in the passage tells us _________.
A.A 7-year-old boy can do things as well as an adult.
B.An adult can be influenced and changed by a 7-year-old boy.
C.The environment in the early part of our life has the biggest influence on our adult life.
小題2:Nick Royle is a(n) ______ scientist.
A. American   B. British   C. German
小題3:What do the scientists think of the research?
A. Outgoing.    B. Exciting.    C. Surprising.
小題4:What does the underlined word “complicated” mean?
A. 有趣的  B. 類(lèi)似的  C. 復(fù)雜的
小題5:Which is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
A. The environment and genes affect our personality.
B. The scientists are sure that the environment influences the human personality more than the genes do.
C. The nurture means the environment .

小題1:C
小題2:B
小題3:C
小題4:C
小題5:B

試題分析：本文是通過(guò)對(duì)人的成長(zhǎng)是基因重要還是環(huán)境重要，列出了各自的觀點(diǎn)和專(zhuān)家們調(diào)查研究的結(jié)果。通過(guò)知明的科學(xué)家研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，有實(shí)驗(yàn)證明是先天的基因重要，有的實(shí)驗(yàn)證明是后天的環(huán)境重要，面對(duì)兩種對(duì)立的說(shuō)法，現(xiàn)在還沒(méi)有一個(gè)真正的說(shuō)法。
小題1:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。問(wèn)題：短文中著名的諺語(yǔ)告訴我們什么了？分析原文：Give me a child until the age of 7 and I’ll show you the man.句意：一個(gè)孩子長(zhǎng)到七歲就能看到他的以后（還可譯成七歲看到老）。通過(guò)對(duì)全文的理解， 在我們長(zhǎng)大后的性格形成，小時(shí)候的環(huán)境影響是最大的。 因此第三項(xiàng)符合。故選C
小題2:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。問(wèn)題：尼克 羅伊爾是哪個(gè)國(guó)家的科學(xué)家？分析原文：Nick Royle from the University of Exeter in the UK.句意：來(lái)自英國(guó)埃克塞特大學(xué)的尼克·羅伊爾。分析：UK（United Kingdom）n. 英國(guó).
故選 B
小題3:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。問(wèn)題：科學(xué)家們?nèi)绾卧u(píng)價(jià)這個(gè)調(diào)查結(jié)果的？分析：理解全文，對(duì)于先天因素與后的因素的研究持續(xù)了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，但是在研究中科學(xué)家們總有很大的發(fā)現(xiàn)，因此是每一次研究都有很驚奇的結(jié)果。故選C
小題4:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。問(wèn)題：劃線詞在短文中的意思？分析原文：human personalities are a lot more complicated than birds, so there is much we still don’t know.句意：人類(lèi)的性格比鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)的性格更復(fù)雜，所以我們現(xiàn)在還不知道其中真正的原因。故選C
小題5:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。問(wèn)題：通過(guò)短文描述的理解，下列描述錯(cuò)誤的是哪一項(xiàng)？分析原文：The nature vs nurture debate will continue for a long time, if not forever.句意：先天因素和后天因素，對(duì)人的性格影響爭(zhēng)論將會(huì)持續(xù)很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間。故選B
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