Question

【題目】根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容, 完成圖表中所缺信息。

Confucius’ life and thought

Confucius(551—479 BC) was a great thinker and teacher in the Spring and Autumn Period of China. He was born in Qufu, capital of the state of Lu (part of Shandong). He acted as an official(官員) there. But he was perhaps a better thinker than he was an official and he ended up having to leave the state of Lu. He spent 13 years travelling around the other states, spreading his ideas. And he tried to teach people that peace was very important for a healthy society. However, it was not until the rule of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty(156-87 BC) that his ideas were finally put into practice. In his last few years, he returned to Qufu where he spent the rest of his life teaching. His teachings were recorded by his followers in a book called Lunyu.

Confucius’ teachings formed the base of Chinese thought. Confucius thought everyone should develop virtues(美德) and always do the right thing. Confucius’ thought is considered to have been the necessity of Eastern thought.

To help people understand how to behave towards others, he taught five virtues accepted by all Chinese. They are ren(kindness, charity), yi (fairness), li(ceremony, tradition), zhi(knowledge), and xin(trust). Another virtue is xiao. Xiao is the duties a person has to their parents. It means loving, respecting, obeying(服從), and taking care of one’s parents in their old age. Xiao forms the base of a peaceful society. And he is the final goal according to his thought. It means social peace.

Here’s one of Confucius’ famous sayings, “Do not do to others as you do not wish to be done to you.” Another saying of his is “In the company of two others, I can always find one worthy of being my teacher.”

It is clear that Confucius’ thought will continue to be a necessary part of Chinese culture. And it will continue to do something good to the development of China and even the whole world.

【1】 * working as an official * travelling around to spread his ideas * teaching in Qufu	Achievements * the book called Lunyu * the base of Chinese thought * a necessary part of 【2】 and 【3】. * a help for the development of China and the world		Main thought *【4】 * doing the right thing * building a peaceful society (he)
Virtues *ren: kindness, charity * yi: fairness *li: ceremony, tradition *zhi: knowledge * xin: trust * xiao: to love, respect, obey and take care of parents 【5】 is one of the virtues and people who believe in it will love everyone in the world.		Famous sayings A. Do not do to others as you do not wish to be done to you. B. In the company of two others, I can always find one worthy of being my teacher. Saying A teaches us how to 【6】 while Saying B is to tell people we can always 【7】.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】Experiences

【2】Eastern thought

【3】Chinese culture

【4】developing virtues

【5】Ren

【6】treat others(and ourselves)/behave towards others

【7】learn from others

【解析】

本文是一篇記敘文，介紹了著名思想家孔子的生平及其思想。

【1】

根據(jù)本方框內(nèi)容* working as an official * travelling around to spread his ideas * teaching in Qufu可知，此處是介紹孔子的經(jīng)歷。故答案為Experiences。

【2】

根據(jù)原文Confucius’ thought is considered to have been the necessity of Eastern thought可知，孔子的思想是東方思想的一個必要組成部分。故答案為Eastern thought

【3】

根據(jù)原文It is clear that Confucius’ thought will continue to be a necessary part of Chinese culture可知，孔子的思想是中國文化的一個必要組成部分。故答案為Chinese culture。

【4】

根據(jù)原文To help people understand how to behave towards others, he taught five virtues accepted by all Chinese可知，孔子的主要思想有培養(yǎng)5種美德。故答案為developing virtues。

【5】

根據(jù)原文They are ren(kindness, charity), yi(fairness), li(ceremony, tradition), zhi(knowledge), and xin(trust)可知，孔子提倡“仁義禮智信”五種美德，其中“仁”是一種美德，相信它的人會愛世界上的每一個人。故答案為Ren。

【6】

名言A意思為“己所不欲，勿施于人”，這句話教會人們的是如何對待他人以及自己。故答案為treat others(and ourselves)/ behave towards others。

【7】

名言B意思為“三人行必有我?guī)熝伞�，這句話教會人們的是我們總能從其他人身上學到一些東西。故答案為learn from others。