Question

【題目】

Would it surprise you to learn that, like animals, trees can communicate with each other and pass on their wealth to the next generation—their young trees?

Suzanne Simard, forest ecologist (生態(tài)學家) at the University of British Columbia, explains how trees are much more complex (復雜的) than most of us ever imagined. Although Charles Darwin (達爾文) thought that trees are competing for survival of the fittest, Simard and her team have made a new discovery and showed just how wrong he was. In fact, the opposite is true: trees survive through their group work and support, passing around necessary nutrition (營養(yǎng)) such as nitrogen (氮) and carbon "depending on who needs it".

Nitrogen (氮) and carbon are shared through miles of underground fungi (真菌) networks. This makes sure that all trees in the forest ecological system give and receive just the right amount to keep them all healthy. This system works in a very similar way to the networks of neurons (神經(jīng)元) in our brains, and when one tree is destroyed, it influences all.

Simard talks about "Mother trees". These are usually the largest, oldest plants on which all other trees depend. These "Mother trees" are connected to all the other trees in the forest by this network of fungi, and may manage the resources of the whole trees and plants in the forest. She explains how these trees pass on the wealth to the next generation, transporting important resources to young trees so they may continue to grow. When humans cut down "Mother trees" without paying attention to these highly complex "tree societies" of the networks on which they feed, we are reducing the chances to save the whole forest.

"We didn't take any notice of it," Simard says sadly. "Mother trees" move nutrition into the young trees before dying, but we never give them chance. If we could put across the message to the forestry industry, we could make a huge difference towards our environmental protection efforts for the future.

【1】The underlined sentence "the opposite is true" in Paragraph 2 probably means that trees ________.

A.compete for survivalB.protect their own wealth

C.depend on each otherD.provide support for dying trees

【2】"Mother trees" are very important because they ________.

A.look the largest in size in the forestB.pass on nutrition to young trees

C.bring more wealth to humansD.know more about the "tree societies"

【3】We can learn from the passage that ________.

A.trees aren't as complex as we think

B.Charles Darwin had the same opinion as Simard

C.if "Mother trees" are cut down, they won't make difference to young trees

D.trees can share resources with other ones by the underground fungi networks

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】B

【3】D

【解析】

本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了樹和樹之間不是你死我活的競爭關系，而是相互依賴的；樹木社會是高度復雜的網(wǎng)絡社會。“母樹”通過真菌網(wǎng)絡與森林中的其他所有樹木相連，管理森林中所有樹木和植物的資源�？煲�死的“母樹”會將自己的營養(yǎng)傳給小樹，讓它們更好地成長。人們?nèi)绻�知道這些現(xiàn)象，就可以更好地保護這些樹。

【1】

詞句猜測題。根據(jù)上文“Although Charles Darwin thought that trees are competing for survival of the fittest, Simard and her team have … showed just how wrong he was.”和下文“trees survive through their group work and support, passing around necessary nutrition (營養(yǎng)) such as nitrogen (氮) and carbon 'depending on who needs it'.”可知樹之間其實是互相依賴，這與達爾文的適者生存的理論恰恰相反，故選C。

【2】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“She explains how these trees pass on the wealth to the next generation, transporting important resources to young trees so they may continue to grow.”可知“母樹”之所以重要是因為它們會將自己的營養(yǎng)和重要資源等傳給小樹，故選B。

【3】

判斷推理題。根據(jù)第四段中“These "Mother trees" are connected to all the other trees in the forest by this network of fungi, and may manage the resources of the whole trees and plants in the forest.”可知，“母樹”通過地下真菌網(wǎng)絡與森林中的其他所有樹木相連，并可以管理森林中所有樹木和植物的資源，故選D。