Question

【題目】 Writing is a much newer invention than talking. Nobody knows when people first began to talk, but so far as we know, they did not begin to write until seven or eight thousand years ago.

In Egypt, Mesopotamia, and China, and later in Palestine and Greece, people began to make marks and pictures with sticks and sharp stones from which others, or they themselves later could see what they had thought.

These early records were the beginning of writing. The first writing was picture writing. Here are some early Chinese picture words. Can you see what they represent （代表）?

Later Chinese writing is less like pictures than the earlier writing was, but we can see the pictures in some of its words. For example：

In picture writing, each picture represents a word; you need a different picture or mark for each word. In present﹣day Chinese writing most of the marks are not pictures of anything, and a reader has to learn how the Chinese write about two thousand of these words before being able to read a newspaper.

With some of these marks you may be able to see what the idea is. For example：

The sun and the moon明Its meanings are："bright" and "open".

A man and two marks仁One of the meanings is "humanity".

【1】When did people begin to write?　 　

A. Seven or eight hundred years ago．

B. Before people first began to talk．

C. Seven or eight thousand years ago．

【2】Which of the following is the earliest Chinese picture word?　 　

A. B. C. 雨

【3】What does the明in the passage mean?　 　

A. Day and night．

B. Bright and open．

C. Humanity．

【4】What's the passage mainly about?　 　

A. The history of Chinese writing．

B. When Chinese people began to write．

C. How the Chinese began to talk．

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】A

【3】B

【4】A

【解析】

這篇短文給我們介紹了中國(guó)書(shū)寫(xiě)的歷史。書(shū)寫(xiě)比說(shuō)話出現(xiàn)得更晚，直到七、八千年前人們才開(kāi)始寫(xiě)字。一開(kāi)始人們用木棍和石頭做記號(hào)、畫(huà)圖畫(huà)，表達(dá)他們自己的想法。后來(lái)中國(guó)的書(shū)寫(xiě)不像早期文字那樣那么像圖畫(huà)了，現(xiàn)在的中國(guó)字更加不像圖畫(huà)。

【1】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中but so far as we know, they did not begin to write until seven or eight thousand years ago．可知，人們直到七八千年前才開(kāi)始寫(xiě)作，由此可知文字寫(xiě)作開(kāi)始于七八千年前，故選C。

【2】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文第三段中 The first writing was picture writing第一個(gè)是象形文字，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，可知A選項(xiàng)是象形文字，所以它是中國(guó)最早的文字，故選A。

【3】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文倒數(shù)第二段中The sun and the moon明Its meanings are "bright"and"open"，太陽(yáng)和月亮．說(shuō)明它的意思是：明亮和開(kāi)放，因此“明”的意思是"光明和開(kāi)放"。故選C。

【4】主旨大意題。根據(jù)短文開(kāi)頭Writing is a much newer invention than talking，寫(xiě)作是一項(xiàng)比談話新得多的發(fā)明，中國(guó)的文字開(kāi)始于七八千年前，經(jīng)歷的一些變化最后形成了現(xiàn)在的漢字。由此可以推測(cè)，本文主要介紹的是中國(guó)文字的歷史，故選A。

這是一篇說(shuō)明文，短文中給我們介紹了中國(guó)文字發(fā)展的歷史。短文主題明確，內(nèi)容比較容易理解。題型是閱讀理解，考查了細(xì)節(jié)理解題和主旨大意題。細(xì)節(jié)題以考查對(duì)文章具體細(xì)節(jié)信息的理解，答案常可以直接在原文找到。做題時(shí)，可以根據(jù)題目所問(wèn)，或利用關(guān)鍵詞，先準(zhǔn)確定位，再根據(jù)原文信息作答。例如第1小題，根據(jù)第一段中but so far as we know, they did not begin to write until seven or eight thousand years ago．可知，人們直到七八千年前才開(kāi)始寫(xiě)作，由此可知文字寫(xiě)作開(kāi)始于七八千年前，故選C。主旨大意題考查學(xué)生們準(zhǔn)確概括文章大意的能力，考查題型包括：選擇適當(dāng)?shù)臉?biāo)題、主旨大意等，如第4小題，題目問(wèn)的是主旨大意，根據(jù)短文開(kāi)頭Writing is a much newer invention than talking可知，文章的關(guān)鍵詞是Writing“書(shū)寫(xiě)”；再由短文第四段Later Chinese writing is less like pictures than the earlier writing was、第五段In present﹣day Chinese writing most of the marks are not pictures of anything等可知，短文主要介紹了中國(guó)文字的發(fā)展過(guò)程，故A選項(xiàng)最符合文意。