Question

【題目】 What’s a spacewalk? Any time an astronaut gets out of a spacecraft(航天器) while in space, it is called a spacewalk. Astronauts go on spacewalks for many reasons. For example, experiments can be placed on the outside of a spacecraft. This lets scientists learn how being in space affects( 影響) different things. By going on spacewalks, astronauts can also fix things instead of bringing them back to the earth to fix.

When astronauts go on spacewalks, they wear spacesuits to keep themselves safe. Inside spacesuits, astronauts have the oxygen(氧氣) they need to breathe and the water they need to drink. To keep the astronauts and the spacecraft safe, the astronauts must leave and go back to the spacecraft through a special door. When on a spacewalk, astronauts use safety tethers to stay close to their spacecraft. Tethers are like ropes, connect the spacewalkers with the spacecraft. They keep astronauts from floating( 漂 浮 ) away into space. Another way astronauts stay safe during spacewalks is by wearing a SAFER. SAFER is worn like a backpack. It helps an astronaut move around in space.

How do astronauts train for spacewalks? One way is by going for a swim. Floating in space is a lot like floating in water. Astronauts practice spacewalks underwater in a huge special swimming pool. For every one hour they will spend on a spacewalk, astronauts need to train seven hours in the pool. Another way astronauts practice for a spacewalk is by using virtual reality(虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)). It looks and feels just like a spacewalk.

Today, only three countries have finished spacewalks independently. They are Russia, the United States and China. The first person to go on a spacewalk in the world was Alexei Leonov from Russia. Zhai Zhigang is the first Chinese astronaut to go on a spacewalk. The world record of spacewalks is held by Russian astronaut Anatoly Solovyev. He has been on 16 spacewalks and spent more than 82 hours outside in space.

【1】About the spacewalk, we can know __________ .

A. some things can be fixed by astronauts during spacewalks

B. all experiments must be placed on the outside of a spacecraft

C. an astronaut can get out of a spacecraft any time while in space

D. a spacewalk lets scientists learn how being in space affects different things

【2】How many ways to keep the astronauts safe during spacewalks?

A. Two.B. Three.C. Four.D. Five.

【3】What’s the meaning of the word “tethers” in Paragraph 2?

A. 吊籃B. 系繩C. 籠子D. 鉤子

【4】Astronauts train for spacewalks by__________ .

A. floating in space

B. using virtual reality

C. going on spacewalks outside a spacecraft

D. training in water in a common swimming pool

【5】According to the passage, which is NOT true?

A. China can finish a spacewalk independently.

B. Astronauts can breathe and drink in spacesuits.

C. Astronauts can move around in space with the help of SAFER.

D. Anatoly Solovyev is the first person to go on a spacewalk in the world.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】A

【2】C

【3】B

【4】B

【5】D

【解析】

本篇文章難度適中，主要講述太空漫步。包括什么是太空漫步、太空漫步的原因、太空漫步時(shí)宇航員的安全保障、宇航員如何訓(xùn)練太空漫步以及人類太空漫步的歷史。

【1】推理判斷題。根據(jù)experiments can be placed on the outside of a spacecraft可知，實(shí)驗(yàn)可以放在航天器的外部，而不是所有的實(shí)驗(yàn)都必須都放在航天器的外部，排除B；根據(jù)Any time an astronaut gets out of a spacecraft(航天器) while in space, it is called a spacewalk可知，任何時(shí)候宇航員在太空中走出飛船被叫做太空漫步，而不是宇航員在太空中任何時(shí)候都可以從宇宙飛船中出來，偷換概念，排除C；根據(jù)For example, experiments can be placed on the outside of a spacecraft. This lets scientists learn how being in space affects( 影響) different things可知，實(shí)驗(yàn)可以在航天器的外部這件事可以讓科學(xué)家知道太空是如何影響不同的事物的，排除D；根據(jù)By going on spacewalks, astronauts can also fix things instead of bringing them back to the earth to fix可知，通過太空行走，宇航員可以修東西而不用將他們帶回地球修，故選A。

【2】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)When astronauts go on spacewalks, they wear spacesuits to keep themselves safe、To keep the astronauts and the spacecraft safe, the astronauts must leave and go back to the spacecraft through a special door、When on a spacewalk, astronauts use safety tethers to stay close to their spacecraft以及Another way astronauts stay safe during spacewalks is by wearing a SAFER可知，宇航員可以穿航天服、通過一個(gè)特別的門離開和返回航天器、用安全繩或者穿艙外活動(dòng)簡便救援裝置，共四種，故選C。

【3】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)When on a spacewalk, astronauts use safety tethers to stay close to their spacecraft. Tethers are like ropes, connect the spacewalkers with the spacecraft可知，當(dāng)太空漫步時(shí)，宇航員使用安全拴繩來與航天器保持近距離，安全繩像一個(gè)繩子，連接著太空漫步者和航天器。tether像一個(gè)繩子，所以是系繩，故選B。

【4】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)One way is by going for a swim. Floating in space is a lot like floating in water. Astronauts practice spacewalks underwater in a huge special swimming pool以及Another way astronauts practice for a spacewalk is by using virtual reality可知，要么去特別的游泳池漂浮練習(xí)太空行走，要么使用虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)練習(xí)太空行走，故選B。

【5】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Today, only three countries have finished spacewalks independently. They are Russia, the United States and China可知，中國能獨(dú)立地完成太空行走，排除A；根據(jù)Inside spacesuits, astronauts have the oxygen(氧氣) they need to breathe and the water they need to drink可知，宇航員能夠在航天服里呼吸和喝水；根據(jù)SAFER is worn like a backpack. It helps an astronaut move around in space可知，宇航員可以在里面移動(dòng)，排除C；根據(jù)The first person to go on a spacewalk in the world was Alexei Leonov from Russia可知，第一個(gè)太空行走的人是蘇聯(lián)的阿里克謝列昂諾夫。故選D。

解答詞義猜測題時(shí)，可以使用如下技巧：1、根據(jù)上下文來猜測詞義；2、通過同義詞或近義詞來猜測詞義；3、通過構(gòu)詞法來猜測詞義；4、通過定義或釋義來猜測詞義；5、通過句法功能來猜測詞義；6、通過轉(zhuǎn)折和因果關(guān)系來猜測詞義；7. 通過生活常識(shí)來猜測詞義。對(duì)于這類題采取“代入法”也非常有效，即將備選答案逐一代入文中，哪一個(gè)選項(xiàng)能使句子的意思通順、連貫，且與上下文的內(nèi)容一致，哪一個(gè)選項(xiàng)就是該題的正確答案。例如第3題。根據(jù)Tethers are like ropes, connect the spacewalkers with the spacecraft可知，當(dāng)太空漫步時(shí)，宇航員使用安全栓繩來與航天器保持近距離，安全繩像一個(gè)繩子，連接著太空漫步者和航天器。tether像一個(gè)繩子，所以是系繩。