Question

【題目】(2018·山東臨沂)What was discovered by accident? The answer is penicillin (青霉素). It kills germs. By killing germs, it saves lives. Suppose you are sick. You go to a doctor. She examines you. She says you have a “staph” infection (葡萄球菌感染). She gives you some medicine. You take it. The medicine knocks out the staph. Soon you are well. Before penicillin, this would not happen. Staph was almost sure death.

Everyone wanted a medicine. Laboratories worked day and night. They grew the staph in small dishes. Then they tried to kill it. Nothing worked.

The laboratory dishes had covers on them. They kept things from falling into dishes. Molds (霉菌) were a big worry. They are always in the air. You can’t see them. They’re too small. There are thousands of different molds. Molds can make an experiment (實(shí)驗) fail. That’s why dishes are covered.

Dr. Alexander Fleming was working to kill the staph germ. He worked for years. One day he took a cover off a dish. He looked inside. There was a thick growth of staph germ. There was also some mold. Then he saw something strange. Where the mold was, there was no growth of staph. This is what Fleming probably thought. “By accident, I found a mold to kill the dreaded staph.”

This is how penicillin was found. But here’s the real miracle (奇跡). There are thousands of kinds of molds. But only one kind can kill staph. The mold must have fallen into the dish a few days before. The cover was probably off only a few seconds (秒). In those few seconds the right mold fell into the right dish. Another man might have thrown the dish away. But Fleming was very careful and smart. He understood what the mold did. How lucky the humans were!

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最佳答案

【1】During the experiments to find a medicine for staph infections, ________.

A. the dishes were not covered

B. staph and mold were put together

C. mold was kept in small dishes

D. staph was grown in small dishes

【2】The word “ dreaded” means “_______”.

A. famous B. scary

C. health D. endangered

【3】The last paragraph suggests that _______.

A. accidents happen to everyone

B. the careful person does not have accidents

C. the careless person will miss valuable chances

D. luck is enough when doing scientific experiments

【4】Most of this passage is written by ______.

A. telling an unusual story B. showing the results of experiments

C. offering some reasons D. giving some advice

【5】This passage is mainly about ______.

A. medicine for a staph infection B. useful accidents

C. Dr. Fleming’s research D. discovering penicillin

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】D

【2】B

【3】C

【4】B

【5】D

【解析】

短文大意：本文介紹了青霉素在實(shí)驗室的意外發(fā)現(xiàn)以及主要用途。

【1】題意：在尋找葡萄球菌感染的藥物的實(shí)驗中， 。考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題。A. the dishes were not covered盤子沒有被覆蓋。B. staph and mold were put together把葡萄球菌和霉菌放在一起。C. mold was kept in small dishes模具放在小碟子里。D. staph was grown in small dishes葡萄種在小碟子里。根據(jù)第二段第三句They grew the staph in small dishes.可知，在實(shí)驗的過程中，青霉素是在密封的盤子里生長的。故選D。

【2】題意：“dreaded”這個詞的意思是 。考查詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段You go to a doctor. She examines you. She says you have a “staph” infection，葡萄球菌能讓人生病，可知它是“可怕的”，故選B。

【3】題意：最后一段暗示了 。考查推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中There are thousands of kinds of molds. But only one kind can kill staph.，有數(shù)以萬計的霉菌，但只有一個能殺死葡萄球菌，可知只有細(xì)心的人才能發(fā)現(xiàn)霉菌殺死葡萄球菌，粗心的人是得不到有價值的東西的，故選C。

【4】題意：這篇文章的大部分都是通過 撰寫的�？疾榫C合理解題。根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，整篇文章都是通過實(shí)驗介紹青霉素和霉菌是怎樣被發(fā)現(xiàn)的，故選B。

【5】題意：這篇文章主要是關(guān)于 的。考查主旨大意題。A. medicine for a staph infection用于葡萄球菌感染的藥物；B. useful accidents有用的事故；C. Dr. Fleming’s research Fleming博士的研究；D. discovering penicillin發(fā)現(xiàn)青霉素。通讀全文，本文介紹了青霉素在實(shí)驗室的意外發(fā)現(xiàn)以及主要用途，故選D。

對于閱讀理解題，首先要粗讀文章了解大意，其次通過細(xì)讀，理解全文。在粗讀的基礎(chǔ)上，仔細(xì)閱讀題后所給的題目，根據(jù)題目要求，再有重點(diǎn)地返回來仔細(xì)閱讀。在閱讀理解的題目中，所設(shè)問題主要有以下幾種方式：找主題或概括文章的中心思想、就文中的具體事實(shí)和情節(jié)進(jìn)行提問、根據(jù)文章的表層意思進(jìn)行深層次的推理判斷等，在細(xì)讀時，要根據(jù)設(shè)問的方式，進(jìn)行有側(cè)重地閱讀。1、概括文章中心思想。1)文首呈現(xiàn)主題句。2)文尾出現(xiàn)主題句。3)首尾呼應(yīng)展現(xiàn)主題。4)文中表述主題。前面提出問題，文中的主題由隨之陳述的細(xì)節(jié)或合乎邏輯的引申在文中導(dǎo)出，而后再做進(jìn)一步的解釋。5)文章沒有主題句。在這種情況下，考生要把所有的細(xì)節(jié)綜合起來。進(jìn)行邏輯推理，概括歸納出文章的主題句。2.掌握文章的具體事實(shí)和重要情節(jié)。在考題中，經(jīng)常會見到就文章中某一具體事實(shí)和重要情節(jié)進(jìn)行測試的題目。這就要求考生在閱讀時要注意辨認(rèn)和記憶具體事實(shí)，重要情節(jié)，事物的起因、過程、結(jié)果及發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)、時間等，這些都有可能作為測試點(diǎn)。還有一些測試題，要求考生在理解的基礎(chǔ)上，通過自己的思維將理解的內(nèi)容系統(tǒng)化，比如計算、排序等題型。