【題目】 A new report says promising children money to pass exams does not help their exam grades. It could be a waste of money using cash to get kids to study more. However, the promise of a trip could encourage students to try harder and do better at school. Scientists looked at how promises of money and tickets to shows affected students’ studying and learning. Over 10, 000 pupils took part in the survey in 2016. There was an improvement in homework, but this did not result in better test scores.

Lead researcher Dr Simon Burgess thought the survey showed something important and interesting. He said it had not found something that really got students to work harder. He added that, “Clearly, some pupils have a lot of goals and believe that education is very important in life, but there are kids who think that working hard doesn’t make a difference. He said these children think exam success is “all in your genes（基因）” because of their family background.

Education expert Dr Kevan Collins said good teachers were better than promises of rewards to get children to study, especially for children from low-income families. He wrote, “What really makes difference is how students are taught.”

【1】According to the report, we can know that _________.

A.promising children money isn’t helpful for their exam grades

B.promising children a trip doesn’t encourage them to study harder

C.promising children tickets to shows doesn’t encourage them to do homework

D.promising children money doesn’t encourage them to do homework

【2】What does the underlined word “affected” mean in Chinese?

A.有利B.有弊C.影響D.抑制

【3】Which of the following is TRUE?

A.The survey shows something that gets students to really work harder.

B.Some students think education is very important in their life.

C.Some kids work harder if they think they don’t have good genes.

D.The survey shows that education is not so important in life.

【4】Dr Kevan Collins thinks _________ really make(s) a difference in kids’ study.

A.promising moneyB.promising a trip

C.promising tickets to showsD.good teachers

【5】If a kid thinks genes are the most important, he may agree _________.

A.good teachers make the differenceB.money makes the difference

C.working hard makes the differenceD.family background makes the difference

【答案】

【1】A

【2】C

【3】B

【4】D

【5】D

【解析】

本文是一篇議論文。文章主要探討了怎樣讓孩子更努力學(xué)習(xí)。有的家長(zhǎng)用錢(qián)、門(mén)票等激勵(lì)孩子學(xué)習(xí)，但效果并不明顯；調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)孩子們對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)成功與否觀點(diǎn)各異，有的孩子索性認(rèn)為在于“基因”。最后一位教育專(zhuān)家提出如何教育學(xué)生很重要，教師比獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)更有效。

【1】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一句話(huà)“A new report says promising children money to pass exams does not help their exam grades.”可知承諾給孩子錢(qián)來(lái)促使他們通過(guò)考試對(duì)孩子的考試成績(jī)沒(méi)有幫助，故選A。

【2】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段中“Scientists looked at how promises of money and tickets to shows affected students’ studying and learning.”和2016年的調(diào)查可知，科學(xué)家研究了錢(qián)和門(mén)票的承諾如何影響學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)，所以affect意為影響，故選C。

【3】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“He said it had not found something that really got students to work harder”可知他尚未發(fā)現(xiàn)真正讓學(xué)生更加刻苦學(xué)習(xí)的東西，所以選項(xiàng)A說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第二段中“Clearly, some pupils have a lot of goals and believe that education is very important in life”可知一些學(xué)生有很多目標(biāo)，同時(shí)認(rèn)為教育在生活中很重要，所以選項(xiàng)B說(shuō)法正確，而選項(xiàng)D說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第二段中“but there are kids who think that working hard doesn’t make a difference. He said these children think exam success is ‘a(chǎn)ll in your genes’ because of their family background.”可知有些孩子認(rèn)為努力學(xué)習(xí)并沒(méi)有什么區(qū)別，考試成功完全取決于基因，所以選項(xiàng)C說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤。注意本題是選擇說(shuō)法正確的選項(xiàng)，故選B。

【4】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Education expert Dr Kevan Collins said good teachers were better than promises of rewards to get children to study”可知教育專(zhuān)家說(shuō)，優(yōu)秀的教師比承諾的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)能更好地讓孩子學(xué)習(xí)，所以好老師對(duì)孩子的學(xué)習(xí)有影響，故選D。

【5】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后兩句“but there are kids who think that working hard doesn’t make a difference. He said these children think exam success is ‘a(chǎn)ll in your genes（基因）’ because of their family background.”可知這些認(rèn)為努力學(xué)習(xí)并無(wú)關(guān)系的孩子，因?yàn)樽陨淼募彝ケ尘埃炊J(rèn)為考試成功完全取決于基因，所以他們會(huì)覺(jué)得家庭背景有影響，故選D。

本題的第2小題是詞義猜測(cè)題。詞義猜測(cè)題是閱讀理解中常見(jiàn)的一種題型，所猜測(cè)詞匯可以是生詞，也可以是熟詞新義，還可以是人稱(chēng)代詞的指代內(nèi)容。詞義猜測(cè)題主要考查考生根據(jù)上下文推測(cè)詞義和語(yǔ)義的能力，突出考查對(duì)語(yǔ)境的分析和把握能力。常見(jiàn)的猜詞法有：根據(jù)上下文來(lái)猜測(cè)詞義；通過(guò)同義詞或近義詞來(lái)猜測(cè)詞義；通過(guò)構(gòu)詞法來(lái)猜測(cè)詞義；通過(guò)定義或釋義來(lái)猜測(cè)詞義；通過(guò)對(duì)比、因果、轉(zhuǎn)折等關(guān)系來(lái)猜測(cè)詞義；通過(guò)生活常識(shí)來(lái)猜測(cè)詞義等等。其實(shí)，對(duì)于詞義猜測(cè)題采取“代入法”也非常有效，即將備選答案逐一代入文中，哪一個(gè)選項(xiàng)能使句子的意思通順、連貫，且與上下文的內(nèi)容一致，哪一個(gè)選項(xiàng)就是該題的答案。本題的第2小題就可以采用這個(gè)方法。

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