Question

【題目】Would it surprise you to learn that, like animals, trees communicate with each other and pass on their wealth to the next generation?

UBC Professor Simard explains how trees are much more complex than most of us ever imagined. Although Charles Darwin thought that trees are competing for survival of the fittest, Simard shows just how wrong he was. In fact, the opposite is true: trees survive through their co-operation and support, passing around necessary nutrition "depending on who needs it".

Nitrogen (氮) and carbon are shared through miles of underground fungi networks, making sure that all trees in the forest ecological system give and receive just the right amount to keep them all healthy. This hidden system works in a very similar way to the networks of neurons in our brains, and when one tree is destroyed, it affects all.

Simard talks about "mother trees", usually the largest and oldest plants on which all other trees depend. She explains how dying trees pass on the wealth to the next generation, transporting important minerals to young trees so they may continue to grow. When humans cut down "mother trees" with no awareness of these highly complex "tree societies" or the networks on which they feed, we are reducing the chances of survival for the entire forest.

"We didn't take any notice of it" Simard says sadly. "Dying trees move nutrition into the young trees before dying, but we never give them chance." If we could put across the message to the forestry industry, we could make a huge difference towards our environmental protection efforts for the future.

【1】The underlined sentence "the opposite is true" in Paragraph 2 probably means that trees .

A. compete for survivalB. protect their own wealth

C. depend on each otherD. provide support for dying trees

【2】"Mother trees" are extremely important because they .

A. look the largest in size in the forestB. pass on nutrition to young trees

C. seem more likely to be cut down by humansD. know more about the complex "tree societies"

【3】The underlined word "it" in the last paragraph refers to .

A. how "tree societies" workB. how trees grow old

C. how forestry industry developsD. how young trees survive

【4】We can learn from the passage that _______.

A. trees aren’t as complex as we think

B. Charles Darwin had the same opinion as Simard

C. if “Mother trees” are cut down, they won’t make difference to young trees.

D. trees can share resources with other ones by the underground fungi networks.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】B

【3】A

【4】D

【解析】

本篇文章難度適中，主要講述樹與樹之間不是你死我活的競爭，他們之間是相互依賴的，快要死的樹會(huì)將自己的營養(yǎng)傳給小樹，讓他們更好地成長，人們?nèi)绻�知道這些現(xiàn)象，就會(huì)更好地保護(hù)樹。

【1】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)Although Charles Darwin thought that trees are competing for survival of the fittest, Simard shows just how wrong he was可知，表示達(dá)爾文的適者生存的理論，而相反的是樹與樹之間是彼此依賴生存的，故選C。

【2】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)She explains how dying trees pass on the wealth to the next generation, transporting important minerals to young trees so they may continue to grow可知，因?yàn)樗麄兣R死前會(huì)將自己的營養(yǎng)傳給小樹，故選B。

【3】代詞指代題。根據(jù)When humans cut down "mother trees" with no awareness of these highly complex "tree societies" or the networks on which they feed, we are reducing the chances of survival for the entire forest可知，人們砍樹是因?yàn)椴恢�道樹與樹之間不是競爭關(guān)系，他們之間是相互依賴的，所以指的是樹的社會(huì)是怎樣依存的，故選A。

【4】推理判斷題。根據(jù)Nitrogen (氮) and carbon are shared through miles of underground fungi networks, making sure that all trees in the forest ecological system give and receive just the right amount to keep them all healthy可知，氮和碳通過數(shù)英里的地下真菌網(wǎng)絡(luò)共享，以確保森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中的所有樹木都能給予和接受適量的氮和碳，以保持它們的健康。所以樹是通過地下的真菌系統(tǒng)與其他樹分享資源，故選D。