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【題目】根據(jù)短文內容及括號內所給動詞的提示,用正確的時態(tài)和語態(tài)補全短文,使短文完整、通順。

A billion cans or bottles of Coca-Cola 1(drink) every day all over the world!

This famous drink 2(invent) in 1886 by an American chemist (藥劑師), Dr. John Pemberton, in Atlanta, USA. He3(call) it a health drink. At first, it 4(make) from the cola nut and coca plant. Pemberton's partner, Frank Robinson, 5(give) it the name “Coca-Cola”.

The business didn't start well. In the first year, only nine drinks a day6(sell). In 1888, the business 7(buy) by a man named Asa Candler. He 8(open) the first factory, in Texas, in 1895. Since then, billions and billions of gallons (加侖) have been sold in over 200 countries.

Coca-Cola9 still ________(make) in that factory in Texas today.

【答案】

1 are drunk

2 was invented

3 called

4 was made

5 gave

6 were sold

7 was bought

8 opened

9 is; made

【解析】

本文介紹的是可口可樂的歷史。這種著名的飲料是在1886年由美國藥劑師發(fā)明的,它是由可樂果和可樂的植物制造的,生意剛起步并不好。1888年,企業(yè)被一個名叫Asa Candler的收購,他開辦了第一個工廠,可口可樂現(xiàn)在還在德克薩斯的那家工廠生產

1句意:全世界每天都喝十億罐可口可樂。結合題干可知,主語A billion cans or bottles of Coca-Cola 和謂語動詞drink是被動的關系,所以應該用被動語態(tài)。根據(jù)every day判斷,句子應該用一般現(xiàn)在時,一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)構成:am/is/are+及物動詞的過去分詞,主語是名詞復數(shù),故答案為are drunk。

2句意:這個著名的飲料是在1886年由美國藥劑師發(fā)明的。主語This famous drink 和謂語動詞 invent是被動的關系,所以應該用被動語態(tài)。根據(jù) in 1886可知,句子應該用一般過去時表達,一般過去時被動語態(tài)構成:were/was+及物動詞的過去分詞,主語為名詞單數(shù)形式,故答案為was invented。

3句意:他叫它健康的飲料。根據(jù)上一句This famous drink was invented in 1886 by an American chemist, Dr. John Pemberton, in Atlanta, USA.這個著名的飲料是在1886年由美國藥劑師發(fā)明的,句子用的是一般過去時,本句也應該用一般過去時,故答案為called。

4句意:它是由可樂堅果和可樂植物制成的。主語it 和謂語動詞make是被動的關系,be made

from 由……制成。上一句用的是一般過去時,此句也應該用一般過去時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)來表達。主語It是第三人稱單數(shù),be動詞用was,故答案為 was made。

5句意:弗蘭克羅賓遜,給它取名為可口可樂”。上下文使用的是一般過去時,此句也應該用一般過去時來表達。give的過去式是gave,故答案為gave。

6句意:第一年,每天只賣九杯飲料。主語only nine drinks 和謂語動詞sell是被動的關系,所以應該用被動語態(tài)。講述過去,時態(tài)為一般過去時。主語為名詞復數(shù),故答案為were sold。

7句意:1888年,企業(yè)被一個名叫Asa Candler的收購主語the business 和謂語動詞buy是被動的關系,所以應該用被動語態(tài)。主語為名詞單數(shù)形式,故答案為was bought。

8句意:他開辦了第一個工廠。主語與動詞之間是主動的關系,句子的時態(tài)為一般過去時。故答案為opened。

9句意:可口可樂現(xiàn)在還在德克薩斯的那家工廠生產。主語Coca-Cola 和謂語動詞make是被動的關系,所以應該用被動語態(tài)。根據(jù) today判斷,句子應該用一般現(xiàn)在時。一般過去時被動語態(tài)構成:were/was+及物動詞的過去分詞。Coca-Cola 是不可數(shù)名詞,故答案為is made。

動詞是英語中最活躍、最重要的一類詞,是英語語法的核心。動詞填空是歷年中考中必考的題型之一。解題關鍵在于準確判斷句子的時態(tài)、語態(tài)和其非謂語形式。前者由句子的時間狀語或上下文語境顯示;后者由動詞的基本句型搭配來限定。

一、確定動詞的時態(tài)。

1. 與各種時態(tài)連用的時間狀語:一般現(xiàn)在時:usually,often,always,sometimes,every day,on Sunday等;現(xiàn)在進行時:now,at the moment,有時句前有Look!或Listen!等詞提示; 一般將來時:this Sunday,next week,tomorrow,tomorrow morning,on Friday,in+一段時間等;一般過去時:yesterday,just now,last year,an hour ago,in 1985等;現(xiàn)在完成時:for+一段時間,since+時間點,in the past +一段時間,these days,recently;just,never,ever,already,yet,before等。

2. 根據(jù)主從句的關系來確定時態(tài)。在主從復合句中,主句謂語動詞與從句謂語動詞的時態(tài)是相互照應的。①在含有賓語從句的主從復合句中,如果主句是一般過去時,從句要用過去的相應時態(tài); ②在賓語從句中,主句是一般現(xiàn)在時,從句可用任意需要的時態(tài);③在時間、條件狀語從句中,若主句是一般將來時、祈使句或含有情態(tài)動詞(can, may, must),從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來的動作。

二、確定動詞的語態(tài)。

如所填動詞是謂語動詞,應先根據(jù)主語和謂語動詞之間的主、被動關系,確定動詞的語態(tài),一般說,句子主語是謂語動作的執(zhí)行者,則用主動語態(tài)。若句子主語是動作承受者,則用被動語態(tài)。不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)。

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