Question

【題目】 Public Speaking and Critical thinking

What is critical thinking? To a certain degree, it’s a matter of logic (邏輯)— of being able to spot weakness in other people’s arguments and to avoid them in your own. 【1】

In the broad sense, critical thinking is focused, organized thinking——the ability to see clearly the relationships among ideas. 【2】 The greatest thinkers, scientists, and inventors have often taken information that was really available and put it together differently to produce new ideas. That, too, is critical thinking.

If you are wondering what this has to do with your public speaking class, the answer is quite a lot. As the class goes on, for example, you will probably spend a good deal of time organizing your speeches. 【3】 If the structure of your speech is loose (松散的) and confused, chances are that your thinking is also disordered and confused. If, on the other hand, the structure is clear, there is a good chance your thinking is too. Organizing a speech is not just a mater of arranging your ideas you already have. Rather, it is an important part of shaping the ideas themselves.

【4】 The skills you learn in your speech class can help you become a more effective thinker in a number of ways. As you work on expressing your ideas in clear accurate language, you will improve your ability to think clearly and accurately. As you study the role of evidence and reasoning in speechmaking, you will see how they can be used in other forms of communication as well. As you learn to listen critically to speeches in class, you will be better able to assess the ideas of speakers in a variety of situations.

【5】 This is one reason public speaking has been regarded as a vital part of education since the days of ancient Greece.

根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容，從下面五個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入文中空缺處的最佳選項(xiàng)，使短文意思通順，內(nèi)容完整。

A.While this may seem like a purely mechanical (機(jī)械的) exercise, it is closely connected with critical thinking.

B.If you take full advantage of your speech class, you will be able to develop your skills as a critical thinker in many situations.

C.What is true of organization is true of many aspects of public speaking.

D.It also includes related skills such as distinguishing (區(qū)分) fact from opinion and assessing (評(píng)估) the soundness of evidence (證據(jù)).

E.It has often been said that there are few new ideas in the world, only reorganized ideas.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】D

【2】E

【3】A

【4】C

【5】B

【解析】

本文是一篇說明文，講述了有關(guān)公開演講和批判性思維的一些聯(lián)系。

【1】根據(jù)“it’s a matter of logic (邏輯)”可知批判性思維不僅包含邏輯思考，還包含了相關(guān)技能如從觀點(diǎn)中區(qū)分事實(shí)等，這些都是關(guān)于批判性思維。故選D。

【2】根據(jù)“…was really available and put it together differently to produce new ideas”可知他們也是以不同的方式組合，再產(chǎn)生新的觀點(diǎn)，可以說是重新組織的思想。故選E。

【3】根據(jù)“you will probably spend a good deal of time organizing your speeches.”和“that your thinking is also disordered and confused.”可知花大量的時(shí)間去組織演講有點(diǎn)機(jī)械化，但是不會(huì)使你的演講思維混亂。故選A。

【4】根據(jù)“The skills you learn in your speech class can help you become a more effective thinker in a number of ways.”在演講課學(xué)到的東西有利于有效的思考，所以演講和思考是相關(guān)聯(lián)的。故選C。

【5】根據(jù)“This is one reason public speaking has been regarded as a vital part of education since the days of ancient Greece.”可知演講對(duì)于思考的重要性，只要你的演講技能提高了，你的批判性思維也會(huì)提高。故選B。