Question

【題目】 The stereotype(模式化的思想) is that Americans are lazy, but studies show that people in the USA get less vacation time than people in other parts of the world. A typical American worker gets two or three weeks off out of a whole year for vacation, but most US workers cannot. They usually have to be spread out throughout the year. Even when US workers are on vacation. they are often expected to be in communication with their bosses by email and mobile phone. Most US businesses do not encourage their employees(雇員) to take all the vacation days they are allowed to. In fact. most US companies discourage it.

Other countries, especially countries in Europe, have much more vacation time. In Germany many people have six weeks of paid vacation. Maybe this is why Europeans and other travellers take a vacation in far-off foreign places. Most American families like to stay closer to their homes, hardly leaving the country.

Most companies in countries outside the USA have to give paid time off to their employees. However, in the USA there is no law requiring employers to give workers paid vacation. In fact the USA is the only developed country that doesn't promise to give yearly time off to workers. There have been efforts to pass laws giving US workers one week of paid vacation, but so far those efforts have not been successful.

Even when US workers do have time off, many are afraid to take it because they worry they may lose their jobs. Other workers worry that if they go on vacation, they will have a mountain of work when they return.

【1】The underlined word "discourage" in Paragraph 1 means .

A. encourageB. protectC. look forward toD. ask someone not to do

【2】From Paragraph 3, we can infer Americans probably expect .

A. to get one week of paid vacationB. to pass a law that protects children

C. to work in foreign companiesD. to travel in foreign countries

【3】Americans choose not to have a vacation because .

A. they feel tired when they travel in a faraway placeB. they are afraid to lose their jobs when they return

C. the law in the USA doesn't allow them to go to a faraway placeD. it's not easy to communicate with their bosses outside

【4】Which is the right order of the passage?

a. Many Germans have six weeks of paid vacation.

b. Many American workers are afraid to take their vacations.

c. The USA has no law requiring employers to give workers paid vacation.

d. US workers usually keep communicating with their bosses on vacation.

e. US workers have less vacation time than people in other countries in the world.

A. d-b-e-a-cB. e-d-a-c-bC. d-a-e-b-cD. e-a-b-d-c

【5】What are Americans like from the passage?

A. Hard.B. Free.C. Lazy.D. Silly.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】D

【2】A

【3】B

【4】B

【5】A

【解析】

短文大意：本文關(guān)注的是美國人的假期，通過和其他國家工人的對比，美國人的假期比世界其他地方的人少。原因有兩點，一是在美國沒有法律要求雇主給員工帶薪假期，二是許多美國人選擇不去度假是因為他們害怕回國后失業(yè)。由此可見，美國人其實生活得并不容易。

【1】題意：第1段劃線的“discourage”一詞的意思是請某人不要這樣做�？疾樵~義理解。A. Encourage鼓勵；B. protect保護；C. look forward to期待做某事；D. ask someone not to do請某人不要這樣做。根據(jù)上文Most US businesses do not encourage their employees to take all the vacation days they are allowed to.，do not encourage不鼓勵，可知選D。

【2】題意：從第3段，我們可以推斷美國人可能期望有一周的帶薪假期�？疾榧毠�(jié)推斷。A. to get one week of paid vacation有一周的帶薪假期；B. to pass a law that protects children通過一項保護兒童的法律；C. to work in foreign companies在外國公司工作；D. to travel in foreign countries去國外旅游。根據(jù)There have been efforts to pass laws giving US workers one week of paid vacation, but so far those efforts have not been successful.，可知選A。

【3】題意：美國人選擇不去度假是因為他們害怕回國后失業(yè)�？疾榧毠�(jié)判斷。根據(jù)Even when US workers do have time off, many are afraid to take it because they worry they may lose their jobs. 許多人不敢休假是因為他們擔(dān)心自己可能會失業(yè)，可知選B。

【4】題意：這篇文章的正確順序是什么?考查細節(jié)排序。根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，首先提到的是調(diào)查結(jié)果people in the USA get less vacation time than people in other parts of the world.（美國工人的假期比世界上其他國家的工人少），接著介紹Even when US workers are on vacation. they are often expected to be in communication with their bosses by email and mobile phone.（即使度假也經(jīng)常通過電子郵件和手機與老板交流），然后拿德國人對照In Germany many people have six weeks of paid vacation.，隨后點出美國人沒有假期的原因However, in the USA there is no law requiring employers to give workers paid vacation.，最后提到Even when US workers do have time off, many are afraid to take it because they worry they may lose their jobs.（許多人害怕失去工作而不敢休假）；可知正確順序是e-d-a-c-b，故選B。

【5】題意：從文章中可以看出美國人是怎樣的?考查綜合理解。根據(jù)短文中美國工人和其他國家工人的對比，結(jié)合他們因害怕失去工作而不敢休假的事實，可知美國人生活得好不容易，hard艱難的，故選A。

閱讀理解是最能體現(xiàn)學(xué)生英語能力的題型，分值較高，如何通過解題方法的掌握來提升自己解答閱讀理解題的技巧是學(xué)生最關(guān)心的問題。初中閱讀理解一般考查學(xué)生的細節(jié)理解能力，主旨理解能力和推理判斷能力。做閱讀理解題，首先要準(zhǔn)確理解題意，然后根據(jù)題意根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容做出正確的答案。（1）考查細節(jié)理解能力，此類型題較簡單，準(zhǔn)確理解題意后，直接到文中找出答案。（2）考查猜詞能力。做這種題型時，要根據(jù)上下文意思準(zhǔn)確猜出詞意。3）考查推理判斷能力，此類題型較難，準(zhǔn)確理解題意后，在文中找出相關(guān)的內(nèi)容做出合理的推斷。（4）考查主旨理解題。此類題型需通讀全文，整體把握，根據(jù)文本主要內(nèi)容選擇合適的選項。