Question

【題目】 Have you ever thought about how much water you use in a day?

Starting February 1st, each person in Cape Town, South Africa received a daily supply of 13 .2 gallons of water which is only enough for a 10 ---minute shower! This restriction (限制) was introduced in preparation for April 22nd, also known as Day Zero, on which the city will turn off all municipal (市政) water taps because of the overuse of fresh water these years.

Over the past three years, Cape Town has suffered from a dangerous drought (干旱). That, along with a growing population of four million people, has caused water---supply drop strongly. As of November 2017, the water level in their largest water reservoir (水庫) had dropped to 28% from 102.9% in 2014. That amount is expected to come down to 13 .5% by April 22, 2018.What's worse, the last 10% of the reservoir's levels are not potable (safe to drink) because of the dirt at the bottom.

Firstly, researchers thought the cause of the drought was El Nio. Cape Town could become the first ever major city to run out of water. The government has called on people to conserve the little water they have left by way of prevention, including stopping car washing and filling up swimming pools. They are asking the public to cut showers to two minutes and reuse bathing water to flush the toilet.

When Cape Town reaches Day Zero, there will be 200 water stations scattered(分布) across the town for people to receive their daily supply of 6.6 gallons. Armed guards will stand by to make sure there is no violence(暴力沖突) or theft.

The water shortage has already influenced all parts of Cape Town. People's lives are being affected, with those in the tourism industry and businesses like car washing, seeing no chance to make a living. The relationship between people also becomes worse as neighbors are encouraged to report each other for water waste and the government plans to collect a drought tax(稅收) as they are losing tax money because of the low water use.

【1】On April 22nd, people in Cape Town could have only _____ gallons of water for a whole day.

A. 13 .2B. 13 .5C. 10D. 6 .6

【2】The water shortage in Cape Town has become so serious because of ________ over the past three years．

①a dangerous drought ②a growing population

③overuse of fresh water ④fewer water reservoirs

A. ①②③B. ①③④C. ②③④D. ①②④

【3】What does the word conserve in Paragraph 4 mean?

A. produceB. protectC. promiseD. prepare

【4】Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A. The water in the largest water reservoir has already dropped to 10%.

B. Neighbours will learn to help each other when facing the serious problem.

C. Tourism industry and business will not be influenced by the shortage of water.

D. Armed guards will work to help keep the water stations in order when Day Zero comes.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】D

【2】A

【3】B

【4】D

【解析】

短文講述了從2月1日開始，南非開普敦的每個人每天都得到13.2加侖的水，這只夠洗10分鐘的澡！這一限制是為4月22日，也就是所謂的零日(Day Zero)做準備，在這一天，該市將關閉所有的市政水龍頭，因為這些年來淡水的過度使用。人們的生活受到影響，旅游業(yè)和洗車等行業(yè)的人看不到謀生的機會。人們之間的關系也變得更糟。

【1】細節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)：“This restriction (限制) was introduced in preparation for April 22nd, also known as Day Zero,這一限制是為4月22日，也就是所謂的零日(Day Zero)做準備”和“When Cape Town reaches Day Zero, there will be 200 water stations scattered(分布) across the town for people to receive the ir daily supply of 6.6 gallons.當開普敦到達零日，將有200個水站分散在全鎮(zhèn)，供人們獲得6.6加侖的日供水量�！�，故選：D。

【2】細節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)：“Over the past three years, Cape Town has suffered from a dangerous drought (干旱). That, along with a growing population of four million people, has caused water---supply drop strongly.在過去三年中，開普敦遭受了一場危險的干旱。這與400萬人口的增長一起，造成了水供應的嚴重下降�！焙汀�What's worse, the last 10% of the reservoir's levels are not potable (safe to drink) because of the dirt at the bottom.更糟糕的是，由于水庫底部的污垢，水庫最后10%的水位不能飲用”，故選：A。

【3】詞義猜測題，根據(jù)下文：“including stopping car washing and filling up swimming pools. They are asking the public to cut showers to two minutes and reuse bathing water to flush the toilet.包括停止洗車和給游泳池加滿水。他們要求市民將淋浴時間縮短至兩分鐘，并重新使用洗澡水沖廁�！保�再結(jié)合選項A. produce生產(chǎn)；B. protect保護；C. promise許諾；D. prepare準備，故選：B。

【4】正誤判斷題，根據(jù)：“As of November 2017, the water level in their largest water reservoir (水庫) had dropped to 28% from 102.9% in 2014. That amount is expected to come down to 13 .5% by April 22, 2018.截至2017年11月，其最大水庫的水位已從2014年的102.9%降至28%。預計到2008年4月22日，這一數(shù)字將降至13.5%。”，可知選項A錯誤；“The relationship between people also becomes worse as neighbors are encouraged to report each other for water waste and the government plans to collect a drought tax(稅收) as they are losing tax money because of the low water use.人們之間的關系也變得更糟，因為鄰居們被鼓勵互相報告用水浪費，而政府計劃征收干旱稅，因為他們因為用水量低而損失了稅金�！保�可知選項B錯誤；“People's lives are being affected, with those in the tourism industry and businesses like car washing, seeing no chance to make a living.人們的生活受到影響，旅游業(yè)和洗車等行業(yè)的人看不到謀生的機會�！� 可知選項C錯誤；“Armed guards will stand by to make sure there is no violence(暴力沖突) or theft.武裝警衛(wèi)將隨時待命，以確保沒有暴力或盜竊�！� 可知選項D正確，故選：D。

細節(jié)題

細節(jié)題是用來進一步表達主題，體現(xiàn)中心思想的，往往針對短文某個細節(jié)來設題。做此類題時，應快速捕捉信息，可能是一些事例、數(shù)字等，閱讀時要有針對性。

推斷題

推斷題就是根據(jù)某個事實推斷結(jié)論，主要考查學生的理解力和推斷力。這類推斷通常包括：數(shù)據(jù)事實推斷、常識推斷以及作者的寫作目的、態(tài)度和傾向等的推斷。做此類題時，應根據(jù)短文中的相關語句，對與事實有關的細節(jié)加以分析，找出線索，悟出字里行間的意思，反復比較，從而作出合乎邏輯的判斷。

猜測詞義題

猜測詞義題主要考查學生根據(jù)上下文正確判斷靈活變化的詞義能力。一般情況下，推斷詞義的題目中所出現(xiàn)的單詞，大多數(shù)是學生未曾見過的生詞，學生需要在該詞出現(xiàn)的上下文中去尋找線索。通過閱讀上下文，斷定該詞的真正含義，然后將這個釋義代入文中，檢查是否貼切，仔細比較直到得出該詞的確切的含義。

1.通過因果關系猜詞

通過因果關系猜詞，首先是找出生詞與上下文之間的邏輯關系，然后才能猜詞。有時文章借助關聯(lián)詞(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，asaresult，ofcourse，therefore等等)表示前因后果

2.通過同義詞和反義詞的關系猜詞

通過同義詞猜詞，一是要看由and或or連接的同義詞詞組，二是看在進一步解釋的過程中使用的同義詞，通過反義詞猜詞，一是看表轉(zhuǎn)折關系的連詞或副詞，如but，while，however等；二是看與not搭配的或表示否定意義的詞語

正誤判斷題

正誤判斷題主要考查學生對文章的具體事實、信息的理解能力。一般是根據(jù)文章的事實或細節(jié)，給出一個句子，判斷其正誤。這類題比較直接，難度相對較小。做此類題時，應先看題，后帶著“問題”快速閱讀短文，尋找所需要的信息。