【題目】根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容及首字母提示,填寫所缺單詞,使短文意思完整。每空限填一詞。
Why so many fires?
California is burning! Wildfires have spread across the US State since Oct 23 and smoke has filled its skies.
Take the Kincade Fire in northern California for example. It forced ( 迫 使 ) 200,000 people to e【1】its path within one week. The state’s largest power (電力) company cut power to about 206,000 homes in order to s【2】 more fires from breaking out, CBS News reported.
California has seen many wildfires in recent years. Nine of the 10 biggest fires have happened since 2000, i【3】five since 2010, according to The New York Times.
Why is this? California has the perfect wildfire c【4】, Park Williams, a US climate expert (氣候?qū)<?/span>), told The New York Times. It has dry air and high temperatures from spring through late fall. At the same time, seasonal winds blow across the state every year, causing the wildfires to spread q【5】and last for weeks.
Global warming has also made the fires worse in recent years. It has dried out the state’s trees and o【6】 plant life, causing them to burn more easily.
H 【7】have played a role as well. Burning campfires, garbage debris ( 碎 片 ),and cigarette butts (煙頭) can easily cause wildfires. For example, one fire started last year when a car got a flat tire (漏氣的輪胎). The car’s body met the road and sent out sparks (火花 ), starting a f【8】.
Lightning strikes (雷擊) and volcanic eruptions (火山爆發(fā)) can also cause wildfires. However, people have caused 90 percent of California’s wildfires, according to the US National Park Service.
More about wildfires
Wildfires often happen in wooded areas in the US, Canada and Australia. They are also k 【9】 as forest fires or grass fires in Australia.
Wildfires can burn at over 900℃ and reach heights of more than 50 meters. They can move at speeds of up to 23 kilometers an hour, burning e【10】 – trees, brush, homes, even people – in their path.
【答案】
【1】escape
【2】stop
【3】including
【4】conditions
【5】quickly
【6】other
【7】Humans
【8】fire
【9】known
【10】everything
【解析】
本文介紹了加利福尼亞州易發(fā)生火災(zāi),對(duì)人們生活造成的影響和造成火災(zāi)的諸多原因。
【1】句意:它迫使20萬(wàn)人在一周之內(nèi)逃離那個(gè)地方。
由文中第一段可知,加利福尼亞北部經(jīng)常會(huì)發(fā)生火災(zāi),人們?yōu)榱税踩蜕,要逃離火災(zāi)易發(fā)的地區(qū)。由首字母提示可知,填escape;這里有固定句式force sb. to do sth.,所以應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞原形,故填escape。
【2】句意:為了阻止火災(zāi)的爆發(fā),該州最大的電力公司給大約206000家庭切斷電力。
上文中提及,人們會(huì)搬離那些易發(fā)生火災(zāi)的地方,電力公司也減少電力,從而防止火災(zāi)更大概率的發(fā)生。結(jié)合首字母提示可知,填stop。這里填空前有固定短語(yǔ)in order to do sth.,為了做某事,這里應(yīng)是動(dòng)詞原形,所以填stop。
【3】句意:自從2000年開(kāi)始,10起大火中就有9起是野火,根據(jù)紐約時(shí)報(bào),自從2010年開(kāi)始就有5起。
文中強(qiáng)調(diào)最近野火易發(fā),2000年開(kāi)始就有10起大火中有9起就是野火,而其中5起發(fā)生在2010年之后,更是突出了近年來(lái)野火頻發(fā),“包括”include有兩種形式,一種是被“包括”included,一種是主動(dòng)“包括”including,文中是說(shuō)2010起就“包括”5起火災(zāi),所以應(yīng)是主動(dòng),自然“包括”,不屬于被動(dòng)“包括”,所以填including。
【4】句意:加利福尼亞州有著野火發(fā)生的最好的環(huán)境。
文中介紹,為什么野火易發(fā),因?yàn)榧永D醽喼萦兄己玫囊子谝盎鸢l(fā)生的環(huán)境。結(jié)合首字母提示可知,填condition;而環(huán)境狀態(tài)是由多種因素組成,所以這里應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)形式conditions。
【5】句意:同時(shí),每年都有季風(fēng)吹拂過(guò)這個(gè)州,造成了野火蔓延更加迅速,并且持續(xù)好幾周。
本段介紹野火容易發(fā)生的情況,因?yàn)橛屑撅L(fēng)的助力,所以火災(zāi)能擴(kuò)散的更快,引起更大的火災(zāi),這里是修飾動(dòng)詞spread,所以應(yīng)用副詞quickly。故填quickly。
【6】句意:它使得樹(shù)和其他植物干枯,使他們更容易燃燒。
本段介紹,近年來(lái)全球氣候變暖,使得植物水分蒸發(fā)更快,變得干涸,所以更容易引起火災(zāi)。結(jié)合首字母提示可知,填other;此處是指使其他植物干枯。故填other。
【7】句意:人類也扮演了重要角色。
由后文“Burning campfires, garbage debris ( 碎 片 ), and cigarette butts (煙頭) … 焚燒田野,垃圾碎片,煙頭?芍@些都是人類產(chǎn)生的并且容易引起野火,所以這里應(yīng)該說(shuō)的是人類對(duì)于引起野火也有一定的責(zé)任,這里人類應(yīng)表泛指,不是某個(gè)特定的人,所以是復(fù)數(shù)humans。故填Humans。
【8】句意:車身與地面接觸摩擦,引起的火花,從而引發(fā)火災(zāi)。
這里介紹的是人們偶爾的行為也可能引起火災(zāi),汽車輪胎漏氣后,與地面產(chǎn)生的火花,也經(jīng)常會(huì)引起火災(zāi),因?yàn)榍懊嬗胁欢ü谠~a修飾,表示一起,所以這里是單數(shù)fire。故填fire。
【9】句意:它們?cè)诎拇罄麃喴脖徽J(rèn)為是森林火災(zāi)或草地火災(zāi)。
由語(yǔ)境和首字母提示可知,填know;此處是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),其結(jié)構(gòu)是:am/is/are+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞。故填known。
【10】句意:它們可以以每小時(shí)23公里的速度移動(dòng),燒毀路上的所有東西——樹(shù)木、灌木叢、房屋,甚至人。
根據(jù)“trees, brush, homes, even people – in their path.”路上的——樹(shù)木、灌木叢、房屋,甚至人。以及首字母提示可知,填everything;此處是指路上所有的東西都可以被燒毀。故填everything。
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