【題目】請(qǐng)先閱讀下面短文,掌握其大意,然后用方框中所給的詞的適當(dāng)形式填空,每個(gè)詞限用一次。
afford, much , down, problem, able, try, eat, environment, if, happen
The problem of waste is becoming more and more serious , so it must be controlled . Every day , a large amount of food goes uneaten (沒(méi)吃) and ends up in the trash , while many people in developing countries cannot even【1】to have one meal every day . The next time you sit【2】to have a delicious dinner , ask yourself , “How much food will I be【3】to eat ? ” If you only take as much food as you can【4】, it will help you cut down on waste. Waste 【5】all over the world. People often consume(消費(fèi))【6】than they really need . This often results in waste and it can be a big【7】. It’s time for us to【8】our best to cut down on trash and waste. The most important thing to remember is to be friendly to the【9】. Only take as much as you can eat , don’t buy things you neither want nor need , and leave litter in its proper place . 【10】every person could cut down on waste in daily lives , even just a little, the whole result would be great . We know that many restaurants have joined the “clear your plate” campaign against wasting food. We students should do the same in our daily life especially when having dinner with our friends and relatives.
【答案】
【1】afford
【2】down
【3】able
【4】eat
【5】happens
【6】more
【7】problem
【8】try
【9】environment
【10】If
【解析】
本文講述了浪費(fèi)的現(xiàn)象隨處可見(jiàn),如果人人都能關(guān)愛(ài)環(huán)境,減少浪費(fèi),這個(gè)問(wèn)題就能得到控制。
【1】句意:每天,大量的食物沒(méi)有吃完,扔進(jìn)了垃圾桶,然而在發(fā)展中國(guó)家,許多人甚至每天都吃不起一餐飯。
空格前can是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,后接動(dòng)詞原形。根據(jù)前文Every day , a large amount of food goes uneaten (沒(méi)吃) and ends up in the trash“每天,大量的食物沒(méi)有吃完,扔進(jìn)了垃圾桶”及while表示“然而”,表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系?芍,此句話是在描述兩種現(xiàn)象,一種是浪費(fèi)的現(xiàn)象,而另一種是吃不上飯的現(xiàn)象,所以空格處這句話表示“而在發(fā)展中國(guó)家,許多人甚至每天都吃不起一餐飯”,故空格處填動(dòng)詞原形afford。故答案為afford。
【2】句意:下次你坐下來(lái)吃一頓美味的晚餐,要問(wèn)自己:“我能吃多少食物?”
根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu),空格后動(dòng)詞不定式to have a delicious dinner是作目的。根據(jù)空格前sit及空格后have a delicious dinner,可知,是坐下來(lái)吃一頓美味的晚餐,固定搭配sit down“坐下來(lái)“,所以空格處填down。故答案為down。
【3】句意:下次你坐下來(lái)吃一頓美味的晚餐,要問(wèn)自己:“我能吃多少食物?”
根據(jù)下文If you only take as much food as you can eat, it will help you cut down on waste“如果你只是吃多少拿多少,那會(huì)幫助你減少浪費(fèi)”,可知,為了避免浪費(fèi),在吃飯的時(shí)候,要先問(wèn)自己能吃多少,再?zèng)Q定拿多少,固定搭配be able to do sth“能做某事“,所以空格處填able。故答案為able。
【4】句意:如果你只是吃多少拿多少,那會(huì)幫助你減少浪費(fèi)。
can是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,后接動(dòng)詞原形。if表示“如果”,引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)主句it will help you cut down on waste“那會(huì)幫助你減少浪費(fèi)”,可知,如果你吃多少就拿多少會(huì)幫助你減少浪費(fèi),所以空格處填動(dòng)詞原形eat。故答案為eat。
【5】句意:全世界都在發(fā)生浪費(fèi)的現(xiàn)象。
根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu),waste是主語(yǔ),all over the world作狀語(yǔ),所以空格處缺謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)下文People often consume more than they really need“人們經(jīng)常消費(fèi)的比他們真正需要的還要多”,可知,浪費(fèi)的現(xiàn)象無(wú)處不在,所以此空處所在句子表示“全世界都在發(fā)生浪費(fèi)的現(xiàn)象”。主語(yǔ)waste是不可數(shù)名詞,且此句是在陳述一個(gè)客觀事實(shí),所以空格處用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的三單形式happens。故答案為happens。
【6】句意:人們經(jīng)常消費(fèi)的比他們真正需要的還要多。
根據(jù)前文Waste happens all over the world“全世界都在發(fā)生浪費(fèi)的現(xiàn)象”,可知,此處是在講述浪費(fèi)的現(xiàn)象。結(jié)合所給選詞,此空處所在句子表示“人們經(jīng)常消費(fèi)的比他們真正需要的還要多”,固定搭配more than表示“多于”,所以空格處填more。故答案為more。
【7】句意:這種情況經(jīng)常導(dǎo)致浪費(fèi),并且能成為一個(gè)大的問(wèn)題。
空格前不定冠詞a,后接可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)。根據(jù)前文People often consume more than they really need“人們經(jīng)常消費(fèi)的比他們真正需要的還要多”,可知,這種情況最終導(dǎo)致了浪費(fèi),并且會(huì)成為一個(gè)大的問(wèn)題,所以空格處填problem。故答案為problem。
【8】句意:到了我們盡力減少?gòu)U物和垃圾的時(shí)候了。
固定句式:it’s time for sb to do sth“是某人做某事的時(shí)候了”,句中動(dòng)詞不定式作真正的主語(yǔ),it作形式主語(yǔ)。根據(jù)空格后our best to cut down on trash and waste及所給選詞,可知,此空處是表示“到了我們盡力減少?gòu)U物和垃圾的時(shí)候了”,固定搭配try one’s best to do sth“盡力做某事”,所以空格處填try。故答案為try。
【9】句意:最重要的是要記得對(duì)環(huán)境友好一些。
空格前the是定冠詞,后接名詞。根據(jù)Only take as much as you can eat , don’t buy things you neither want nor need , and leave litter in its proper place,可知,吃多少拿多少,不要買(mǎi)你既不想要也不需要的東西,這樣可以幫助減少垃圾和浪費(fèi),而把產(chǎn)生的垃圾放在合適的地方,是為了保護(hù)環(huán)境,所以空格處填名詞environment。故答案為environment。
【10】句意:如果每個(gè)人能減少日常生活中的浪費(fèi),甚至就減少一點(diǎn),整個(gè)結(jié)果將會(huì)很好。
根據(jù)句意,前文every person could cut down on waste in daily lives , even just a little表示“ 每個(gè)人能減少日常生活中的浪費(fèi),甚至就減少一點(diǎn)”,后文the whole result would be great表示“整個(gè)結(jié)果將會(huì)很好”,前文表?xiàng)l件,所以空格處填引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞if,位于句首的單詞首字母要大寫(xiě),所以空格處填If。故答案為If。
做完型填空時(shí),首先要通讀課文,明白主旨大意,然后再做題。做完型時(shí)要記住“瞻前顧后想結(jié)果”這一原則,根據(jù)上下文以及語(yǔ)境做題,切忌主觀臆斷。另外,平時(shí)還要多多積累詞匯。完型填空?济~、動(dòng)詞、形容詞和副詞等辨析。做詞義辨析題時(shí),首先要確認(rèn)四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的含義,然后分析語(yǔ)境和邏輯關(guān)系,確定答案。
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