Question

【題目】Could smells affect your lifespan? Female fruit flies (果蠅) without the ability to smell food live longer than other fruit flies．The sense of smell may be connected to the cellular ageing (細(xì)胞老化) process in many other living things even people．Such connection has recently been found in both worms and flies．For example, scientists found that removing fruit flies' ability to smell made them live nearly 20 percent longer than flies with a sense of smell．

They confirmed that food smells were the ones most likely to affect ageing, as nutrition (營(yíng)養(yǎng)) and lifespan are known to be connected in many living things．To test the idea that food smells affect lifespan, they removed flies' ability to smell carbon dioxide, which is produced by some fly foods．They left the rest of the smelling system．

This action had no effect on male flies, but the females lived 30 percent longer than normal．Removing the ability to smell CO2 may stop flies getting information about food availability．This could mean that food is not enough, causing processes that encourage

flies to survive．Scientists found that the female flies from stored extra fat and that both males and females immune (免疫) to CO2 were stronger against the stress than normal flies．It is suggested that females may simply be easily influenced by the smells of CO2．

Scientists point out that people don't know whether ageing and smell are connected in animals and humans．But they clearly experience physical changes after smelling food．

【1】From the passage, we learn that what scientists found is to ________．

A. show there is the best way to make lifespan longer

B. tell us we should remove our smell ability to live long

C. show the sense of smell can affect the cellular ageing process

D. explain fruit flies without ability to smell can live longer

【2】Scientists do some research to prove

A. the immune system of flies to CO2

B. the connections between nutrition and lifespan

C. the importance of food smells to our humans

D. the connections between food smells and lifespan

【3】According to scientists' opinion, we can see that ________．

A. flies without ability to smell is encouraged to store extra energy

B. male flies in general can live longer than female ones

C. both male and female flies can live longer without the ability to smell

D. flies without ability to smell can also get information about food availability

【4】Which of the following best describes the passage as a whole?

A. CO2 has few effects on female flies．

B. The sense of smell might have an effect on living things．

C. The sense of smell is necessary to humans' health．

D. Female fruit flies can always live longer than male flies．

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】D

【3】A

【4】B

【解析】試題分析：本文談?wù)摰氖鞘澄餁馕杜c壽命之間的聯(lián)系。科學(xué)家通過(guò)對(duì)雌性果蠅和雄性果蠅嗅覺(jué)的對(duì)比研究，證實(shí)了食物氣味是最有可能影響衰老的因素。

【1】題意：從這篇文章中，我們了解到科學(xué)家們的發(fā)現(xiàn)是 。考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二句開(kāi)頭They confirmed that food smells were the ones most likely to affect ageing, 科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)食物氣味是最有可能影響衰老的因素，可知選C。

【2】題意：科學(xué)家研究證明 。考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題。A. the immune system of flies to CO2蒼蠅對(duì)CO2的免疫系統(tǒng)；B. the connections between nutrition and lifespan營(yíng)養(yǎng)與壽命之間的聯(lián)系； C. the importance of food smells to our humans食物氣味對(duì)人類(lèi)的重要性；D. the connections between food smells and lifespan食物氣味與壽命之間的聯(lián)系。根據(jù)開(kāi)頭Could smells affect your lifespan? Female fruit flies without the ability to smell food live longer than other fruit flies．The sense of smell may be connected to the cellular ageing process in many other living things even people．，可知本文談?wù)摰氖鞘澄餁馕杜c壽命之間的聯(lián)系，故選D。

【3】題意：根據(jù)科學(xué)家們的觀(guān)點(diǎn)，我們可以看出 。考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題。A. flies without ability to smell is encouraged to store extra energy沒(méi)有嗅覺(jué)的蒼蠅被鼓勵(lì)儲(chǔ)存額外的能量；根據(jù)This could mean that food is not enough, causing processes that encourage flies to survive，可知說(shuō)法正確。B. male flies in general can live longer than female ones雄性蒼蠅一般比雌性蠅壽命長(zhǎng)；文中沒(méi)有提及，說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤。C. both male and female flies can live longer without the ability to smell雄性和雌性蒼蠅在沒(méi)有嗅覺(jué)的情況下可以活得更長(zhǎng)；根據(jù)This action had no effect on male flies, but the females lived 30 percent longer than normal，可知說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤。D. flies without ability to smell can also get information about food availability沒(méi)有嗅覺(jué)的蒼蠅也能獲得食物供應(yīng)的信息；根據(jù)Removing the ability to smell CO2 may stop flies getting information about food availability，可知說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤。綜合以上分析，故選A。

【4】題意：下面哪一個(gè)最好地把這篇文章描述為一個(gè)整體？考查綜合理解題。A. CO2 has few effects on female flies．CO2對(duì)雌性蠅的影響較小。B. The sense of smell might have an effect on living things．嗅覺(jué)可能對(duì)生物產(chǎn)生影響。C. The sense of smell is necessary to humans' health．嗅覺(jué)對(duì)人類(lèi)的健康是必要的。D. Female fruit flies can always live longer than male flies．

雌果蠅通常比雄蠅壽命長(zhǎng)。根據(jù)文意可知短文是“總分總”結(jié)構(gòu)，第二段開(kāi)頭They confirmed that food smells were the ones most likely to affect ageing, as nutrition and lifespan are known to be connected in many living things.是過(guò)渡，下文分別對(duì)雌性和雄性果蠅進(jìn)行分析，可知過(guò)渡句把上下文聯(lián)系在一起，故選B。