Question

【題目】閱讀短文，回答問題

When an animal helps another animal, it usually gets something valuable (有價值的) in return. For a long time, many scientists thought that only people could act generously (慷慨地) just because it feels good.

However, a new study in Germany suggests that chimpanzees (an animal like a large monkey without a tail) also do good things for no real reason. And so do children who are as young as 18 months of age. Maybe it is because humans and chimpanzees share an ancestor about 6 million years ago.

People and chimpanzees appear to develop such features without any other training, says Warneken, a scientist in Germany.

Warneken and his partners worked on adult chimpanzees that live on an island in the African country of Uganda. They also worked with 18-month-old children in Germany. The researchers performed three experiments on the adult chimpanzees and two experiments on the kids. In the first animal experiment, a person tried to reach his arm into a cage to get a stick, but he couldn't reach it. A chimpanzee was in the cage, and it could reach the stick if it wanted to.

Thirty-six chimpanzees took part in this experiment one by one, and no chimpanzee saw what the other chimpanzees had done. Even though the animals hadn't met the person before, they usually took the stick and gave it to the person. What's more, they did this whether or not the person gave them bananas as a reward (獎勵).

In a similar experiment, 36 children acted in a similar way. They helped the person reach the stick, whether or not they were given toys for their help.

Researchers did other experiments on chimpanzees and babies. No rewards were given in either experiment. And still, both the chimpanzees and children went out of their way to help.

【1】What did many scientists think for a long time?

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【2】Where did they do the experiments?

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【3】How many chimpanzees took part in this experiment?

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【4】Did children act in a similar way as chimpanzees in the experiment?

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Answer 1

【答案】

【1】They thought that only people could act generously. (just because it feels good)

【2】On an island in the African country of Uganda.

【3】Thirty-six/36.

【4】Yes.

【解析】

本篇文章難度適中，主要通過實驗表明，大猩猩和人類一樣，都會無償地幫助別人。

【1】細節(jié)理解題。根據For a long time, many scientists thought that only people could act generously (慷慨地) just because it feels good可知，很長一段時間以來，許多科學家都認為，只有人們因為感覺良好才會慷慨解囊，故填They thought that only people could act generously. (just because it feels good)。

【2】細節(jié)理解題。根據Warneken and his partners worked on adult chimpanzees that live on an island in the African country of Uganda. They also worked with 18-month-old children in Germany. The researchers performed three experiments on the adult chimpanzees and two experiments on the kids“和他的合作伙伴研究了生活在非洲國家烏干達一個島上的成年黑猩猩。他們也在德國研究18個月大的孩子。研究人員在成年黑猩猩身上做了三個實驗，在兒童身上做了兩個實驗”可知，在非洲國家烏干達的一個小島上，故填On an island in the African country of Uganda。

【3】細節(jié)理解題。根據Thirty-six chimpanzees took part in this experiment one by one, and no chimpanzee saw what the other chimpanzees had done“36只黑猩猩一個接一個地參加了這個實驗，沒有一只黑猩猩看到其他黑猩猩做了什么”可知，36只猩猩參加了這個試驗，故填Thirty-six/36。

【4】細節(jié)理解題。根據In a similar experiment, 36 children acted in a similar way可知，在一個類似的實驗中，36名兒童以類似的方式行事。故填Yes。