A. interested in B. afraid of

C. busy with D. worried about

A. 26; 5 B. 26; 6 C. 28; 5 D. 28; 6

—__________!

A. Hi B. OK

C. Fine D. Thanks

What makes humans smarter than other animals? We’ve got a bigger brain, of course. But when it comes to brains, is bigger always better?

Traditionally, scientists have thought that humans’ better intelligence（智慧）came mostly from the fact that our brains are three times bigger than those of our nearest living relatives, chimpanzees. People even used to believe that men are smarter than women because men have a little larger brains.

This, however, is not the truth. Scientists at University College London in the UK have found that brain organization, and not brain size, is the key to the advantage of human intelligence, reported Live Science.

Through millions of years of gradual development, our ancestors（祖先）were pushed to get smarter all the time so that they could meet the needs of new environments. However, holding this growing intelligence in increasingly large brains was not the best choice because bigger brains require more energy to power. “This is when reorganization may come into play,” said Christophe Soligo, a member of the London research team.

In the study, scientists looked at the brains of 17 kinds of primates（靈長目動物）, including monkeys, apes and humans. They found that in the process of gradual development, brains didn’t keep growing as a whole. Certain parts of the brain grew more than others as needed, and in this way they could make the best use of their limited brain space.

For example, when early humans were trying hard to live, the brain region（區(qū)域） which is in charge of using tools and finding food grew in size more than other regions. But in modern times, the prefrontal cortex（前額皮質(zhì)）— the region in charge of social cognition (認(rèn)知), moral judgments and goal-directed planning — grew more than the rest of the brain.

Think of the brain as a room. If a big room is poorly organized, it doesn’t necessarily store more things than a smaller one.

Paul Manger, a professor, explains this using the example of whales. He told Scientific American: “Whales have big brains. But if you look at the actual structure（結(jié)構(gòu)）of the brain, it’s very simple. Brain size only matters if the rest of the brain is organized properly. ”

【1】According to the passage, in recent human development, ________.

A.the prefrontal cortex grew most in the brain

B.human’s most regions of the brain didn’t change

C.brain became simple because the brain space is limited

D.brain kept growing in size todeal with new environments

【2】The words “in charge of” in Paragraph 6 probably mean “________”.

A.similar toB.responsible forC.in need ofD.with help of

【3】The writer probably agrees that ________.

A.the difference between men and women has an effect on intelligence

B.the larger brains are usually organized better than the smaller ones

C.animals whose brains are organized properly can be smarter

D.the size of the brain has nothing to do with intelligence

【4】Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A.Is Human Brain the Biggest of All Animals’?B.Do Men have bigger Brains than Women?

C.Are Human Brains Growing as a Whole?D.Does a Bigger Brain Make you Smarter?

Two new studies suggest that modern running shoes could increase the risk of injuries（損傷）to runners.

One study involved sixty-eight healthy young women and men who ran at least twenty-four kilometers a week. The runners were watched on a running machine. Sometimes they wore running shoes. Other times they ran barefoot（赤腳）.

Researchers from the University of Virginia and the University of Colorado did the study. They found that running shoes create more stress that could hurt knees, hips and ankle joints than running barefoot. They watched that the effect was even greater than the effect reported earlier for walking in high heels（高跟鞋）. The study appeared in an official scientific magazine.

The other study appeared in the journal Nature. It compared runners in the United States and Kenya. The researchers were from Harvard University, Moi University in Kenya and the University of Glasgow. They divided the runners into three groups. One group had always run shoeless. Another group had always run with shoes. And the third group had changed to shoeless running.

Runners who wear shoes usually come down heel first. That puts great force on the back of the foot. But the study found that barefoot runners generally land on the front or middle of their foot. That way they feel relaxed when landing and avoid hitting their heel hard.

Harvard’s Daniel Lieberman led the study. He says the way most running shoes are designed may explain why those who wear them land on their heels. The heel of the shoe is bigger and heavier than other parts of the shoe, so it would seem more likely to come down first. Also, the heel generally has thick material under it to soften landings.

But the researchers do not suggest that runners immediately start running barefoot. They say it takes some training. And there can be risks, like running when your feet are too cold to feel if you get injured.

The study was partly supported by Vibram, which makes a kind of footwear that it says is like running barefoot. The findings have gotten a lot of attention. But the researchers say there are many problems. So they have tried to explain their findings on a Harvard Website.

【1】Why do running shoes increase the risk of injuries to runners?

A.Runners usually land on the front of the foot first.

B.They’re much bigger and heavier than high heels.

C.They have a big effect on the way the runners run.

D.Runners always run in small size running shoes.

【2】What can we learn from the passage?

A.No one will run with running shoes in the future.

B.High heels’ design is better than running shoes’.

C.Runners won’t be injured if they run barefoot.

D.Most running shoes are designed improperly.

【3】What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage?

A.To explain why people like running with running shoes.

B.To show running without shoes is of benefit to runners.

C.To encourageall the runners to try to run barefoot now.

D.To help people know the feelings of running with shoes.

A. set off B. aware C. traditional D. grew up E. professional

Henry Ford is known as making cars. He was born in 1863 in Michigan. He had 4 siblings, and his family owned a farm . He worked on the farm when he was young, but later he was 【1】that he loved taking things apart to see how they worked. then putting them back together again. He worked on watches a lot , and ended up helping many people fix their watches . In 1879, when he was 16 years old, he 【2】 for Detroit to start working with machines, though he came home and worked on the farm a little , too. Ford got married to Clara Bryant in 1888, and worked on a sawmill. He finally became an engineer. Ford worked for the Edison Illumination Company. Edison encouraged him to keep working on his plans for motor-powered horseless carriage（馬車）which could take the place of the 【3】one. Ford’s motor-powered horseless carriage was called the Quadricycle. He sold the Quadricycle and started his won company to continue his work making vehicles. He did not stay with the first company for many years, but started the 【4】 Ford Motor Company.

A. salaries B. no longer C. create D. wheels E. at a time

He spent many years developing cars, which were made only a few once. Ford was not the first person to 【5】 a car, but he was the one who began to make people easily use cars in the United States. His ‘Model T’ car, released in 1908, made many people want one. He needed to make a lot of cars very quickly. His company , Ford Motor Company, hired skilled workers to work on an assembly line. The car would move through the line, and each worker had a job along the line. One worker might put on 【6】, while at a different spot on the line, another worker put on tires. Every Model T was painted black. The company could make many cars 【7】 this way. In addition to using the assembly line to produce cars, Ford was also known for paying his workers fair 【8】. Henry Ford died in 1947, but his company is still around and making cars today.

A. beyond B. beside C. behind D. between

A. for B. of C. in D. at

A. take up B. make up C. look up D. get up

A.trying to; of B.try to; of

C.try to; to D.trying to; to