Question

【題目】Will Eating Less Help You Live Longer?

If you want to slow aging, you might want to eat less. Researchers in the United States say eating less can slow the aging process (過程) of cells in the body.

John Price, a professor at Brigham Young University in the U.S. state of Utah, with other researchers, studied two groups of mice. One group was able to eat as ______ as it wanted. The researchers controlled what the second group ate. Their food had 35 percent fewer calories (卡路里) than the first group of mice. Price said the second group of mice was more ______ and had fewer diseases. He and his team found that ______ calories slowed aging.

The researchers found that fewer calories slow down cells’ ribosomes (核糖體). Price explained that ribosomes are used to make important proteins (蛋白質(zhì)). But with fewer calories, ribosomes slow down. This gives ribosomes more time to ______ themselves. Price used cars to explain this as an example. “Like a car, a ribosome isn’t a simple ______. It needs repairs to change the broken parts. When the glass of the car is broken,” he explained, “you don’t need to throw the ______ car away and buy a new one. It costs less to change the glass.” Price said that because of this, it is ______ to break a whole ribosome when it starts to break down. “Instead, repairing single part of the ribosome makes ribosomes continue producing high quality proteins. This top quality production keeps cells and the whole ______ working well,” he added.

Earlier studies have shown a connection between calorie reduction and slowed aging. However, this is first to show how the ribosomes can ______ aging. Price said the findings help to explain______ exactly people become older. And this may help us make more wise decisions about what we eat.

【1】A.moreB.muchC.littleD.less

【2】A.energeticB.cleverC.specialD.careful

【3】A.addingB.reducingC.keepingD.improving

【4】A.recycleB.renewC.repairD.reuse

【5】A.cellB.partC.machineD.material

【6】A.wholeB.differentC.expensiveD.cheap

【7】A.uselessB.unnecessaryC.difficultD.important

【8】A.bodyB.partC.calorieD.food

【9】A.growB.makeC.chooseD.influence

【10】A.whenB.whereC.howD.whether

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】B

【2】A

【3】B

【4】C

【5】C

【6】A

【7】B

【8】A

【9】D

【10】C

【解析】

本文是一篇說明文，文章中敘述了美國的研究人員通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，降低卡路里可以減緩細(xì)胞老化，并且詳細(xì)敘述了減少卡路里延緩衰老的具體過程。

【1】句意：一組可以吃想吃多少就吃多少。

as…as和……一樣，中間接形容詞或副詞的原級，A項(xiàng)more和D項(xiàng)less是比較級，故排除A、D兩項(xiàng)；C項(xiàng)little修飾不可數(shù)名詞，表示幾乎沒有，不符合題意；as much as和……一樣多，符合題意。故選B。

【2】句意：普萊斯說，第二組老鼠精力更旺盛，疾病也更少。

根據(jù)Their food had 35 percent fewer calories (卡路里) than the first group of mice.第二組老鼠的食物所含卡路里要比第一組的低35%；had fewer diseases疾病更少少，可知第二組老鼠吃的少卻更加健康。根據(jù)and是并列連詞，此處填寫的內(nèi)容應(yīng)與老鼠的“身體”有關(guān)。A項(xiàng)，精力充沛的；B項(xiàng)，聰明的；C項(xiàng)，特別的；D項(xiàng)，小心的；more energetic符合題意。故選A。

【3】句意：他和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，降低卡路里可以延緩老化。

根據(jù)Price said the second group of mice was more energetic and had fewer diseases. 普萊斯說，第二組老鼠精力更旺盛，疾病也更少；Their food had 35 percent fewer calories (卡路里) than the first group of mice.第二組老鼠攝入的卡路里比第一組要低35%。可知，第二組老鼠的卡路里攝入量低，老鼠卻更有活力，也就是老化的速度變慢了。可以證明：降低卡路里可以延緩衰老。故選B。

【4】句意：這樣的話，給核糖體留了更多的時(shí)間去修復(fù)它們自身。

根據(jù)：Price used cars to explain this as an example. It needs repairs to change the broken parts.普萊斯用汽車來舉例說明，它需要維修，換掉壞掉的部分。A項(xiàng)，循環(huán)利用；B項(xiàng)，重新開始；C項(xiàng)，修理，修復(fù)；D項(xiàng)，再利用。可知正確答案選C。

【5】句意：就像是一輛汽車，一個(gè)核糖體不是簡單的一臺機(jī)器。

A項(xiàng)，細(xì)胞；B項(xiàng)，部分；C項(xiàng)，機(jī)器；D項(xiàng)，材料。根據(jù)ribosomes are used to make important proteins核糖體被用來生產(chǎn)重要的蛋白質(zhì)，可知核糖體就是制作蛋白質(zhì)的“機(jī)器”。故選C。

【6】句意：你不需要把整臺車扔掉然后再買一臺新車。

根據(jù)buy a new one，one指代前面的汽車，以及It costs less to change the glass.換玻璃花錢更少。可知此處的意思是：車玻璃壞掉的時(shí)候，你不需要把整個(gè)汽車扔掉，只需更換換掉的部分即可。故選A。

【7】句意：普萊斯說，正因?yàn)槿绱�，�?dāng)一個(gè)核糖體開始變得衰弱的時(shí)候，沒必要去破壞這個(gè)完整的核糖體。

根據(jù)you don't need to throw the whole car away中don't need，以及Like a car, a ribosome isn't a simple machine.可知，普萊斯通過把核糖體比作汽車，來表明：當(dāng)核糖體開始變得衰弱的時(shí)候，沒有必要破壞整個(gè)核糖體的結(jié)構(gòu)。故選B。

【8】句意：這種高質(zhì)量的產(chǎn)品（高質(zhì)量蛋白質(zhì)）會使細(xì)胞和整體身體保持良好的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。

根據(jù)Researchers in the United States say eating less can slow the aging process (過程) of cells in the body.可知，根據(jù)美國的科研人員說法，少吃一些會減緩身體內(nèi)細(xì)胞的老化過程。細(xì)胞是包含在身體內(nèi)的，所以此處用body符合題意。故選A。

【9】句意：然而，這是首次展示核糖體如何影響老化。

根據(jù)He and his team found that reducing calories slowed aging. The researchers found that fewer calories slow down cells’ ribosomes.可知，卡路里的攝入量會影響到細(xì)胞內(nèi)的核糖體，進(jìn)而延緩老化。所以說的是：核糖體對老化的影響。故選D。

【10】句意：普萊斯說，這些這些發(fā)現(xiàn)會幫助解釋人們究竟是如何變老的。

根據(jù)This is first to show how the ribosomes can influence aging.這是首次展示核糖體如何影響老化�？芍�，核糖體影響細(xì)胞的老化，進(jìn)而會影響整個(gè)身體的機(jī)能，同時(shí)也解釋了人們是如何變老的。故選C。