Question

【題目】 Everyone has traits (特性) that make us who we are. We have physical traits, like red hair, long legs and funny-looking toes. We also have character traits including humor, warmth, creativity and so on.

Certain physical traits are fully inherited (遺傳), such as blue eyes and knobby knees. About 25,000 to 35,000 genes (基因) are in a single cell in the human body. These genes carry the traits that are passed down genetically from parents to their children.

Many traits exist between inheritance and development — the interaction with environment. One example is body shape. It tends to be passed down from parents. But once diet becomes a factor, environment begins to play an important role in how the body develops. Body shape is a trait that is a mixture of inheritance from parents and influence of environment.

So lots of our most important traits have been learned, rather than inherited. For example, if you’re really great at video games, it’s not because your parents passed down the skills in genes. It’s because you have practiced a lot of video games and developed those skills yourself. If you have kids who turn out to be great at video games, it is because they put in the hours, learned the skills, and memorized the moves that are necessary to play the video games well.

Of course, some of us have brains that are more advantageous to video game playing. Say you were born with a large and powerful part of the brain that controls your hand-eye coordination. That is inherited. What you do with it, how you choose to develop that advantage, is up to you.

You can pierce your nose or get a tattoo (紋身) — it doesn’t matter how much you change your body during the lifetime. None of those things will turn into genetic material to be passed down to the next generation. However, if your children grow up in an environment with role models who are pierced and covered in tattoos, they are more likely to get piercings and tattoos!

【1】 is a physical trait that is fully inherited.

A.The eye colorB.The special diet

C.The body shapeD.The pierced nose

【2】What does the underlined word “That ” refer to ?

A.Video game playing.B.Advantageous brains.

C.The shape of your brain.D.Your hand-eye coordination.

【3】According to the passage, the writer believes that .

A.character traits can hardly change during the lifetime

B.the skills of video game playing are passed down to kids

C.a kid’s hand-eye coordination isn’t related to inheritance

D.environment plays an important role in traits development

【4】Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A.Why are Traits Important?B.How does Inheritance Influence Traits?

C.Where do Traits Come from?D.What are Physical and Character Traits?

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】A

【2】D

【3】D

【4】C

【解析】

本文主要說明了人的特性是怎樣形成的，有遺傳，也有周圍環(huán)境的影響。

【1】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Certain physical traits are fully inherited (遺傳), such as blue eyes and knobby knees.”可知眼睛的顏色是可以遺傳的。故選A。

【2】詞義推斷題。That是指代上文中的事物，根據(jù)“Say you were born with a large and powerful part of the brain that controls your hand-eye coordination.”可知你出生的時候就有一個很強(qiáng)大的大腦，可以使你的手眼協(xié)調(diào)�？赏茰y這種手眼協(xié)調(diào)是可以遺傳的，因此That指代的是“Your hand-eye coordination.”。故選D。

【3】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“So lots of our most important traits have been learned, rather than inherited.”可知人的很多特性是后天會學(xué)習(xí)、改變的，而不是靠遺傳，因此A選項(xiàng)是錯誤的；根據(jù)“if you're really great at video games, it's not because your parents passed down the skills in genes”可知你玩游戲厲害并不是父母遺傳給你的，因此B選項(xiàng)是錯誤的；根據(jù)“Say you were born with a large and powerful part of the brain that controls your hand-eye coordination. That's inherited”可知手眼協(xié)調(diào)是遺傳的，因此C選項(xiàng)是錯誤的；根據(jù)“But once diet becomes a factor, environment begins to play an important role in how the body develops.”可知環(huán)境在人的特性發(fā)展中起重要作用，因此D選項(xiàng)是正確的。故選D。

【4】主旨大意題。通讀全文知整篇文章都在圍繞人的特性是怎么形成的，有遺傳，有的是受環(huán)境的影響。并給我們舉例說明那些是遺傳，那些受環(huán)境的影響，并沒有提到特性的重要性、遺傳對特性的影響和身體與性格的特性。故選C。