Question

【題目】 The view you hold for yourself greatly affects the way you lead your life. It can decide whether you become the person you want to be and whether you achieve the things you value. How does this happen? How can a simple belief have the power to change your psychology(心理) and, as a result, your life?

Believing that your qualities are carved(刻) in stone — the fixed mindset — creates a great need to prove yourself over and over. Some of us are trained in this mindset from an early age. Even as a child, I was focused on being smart, but the fixed mindset was really stamped in by Mrs. Wilson, my sixth-grade teacher. She believed that people’s IQ scores told the whole story of who they were. We were seated around the room in IQ order, and only the highest-IQ students could be trusted to collect homework, or take a note to the principal. She was creating a mindset in which everyone in the class had one important goal-look smart, don’t look stupid.

I’ve seen so many people with this one important goal of proving themselves — in the classroom, in their careers, and in their relationships. Every situation calls for a confirmation of their IQ, personality, or character. Every situation is evaluated(評價): Will I succeed or fail? Will I look smart or stupid? Will I feel like a winner or a loser?

But doesn’t our society value IQ, personality, and character? Isn’t it normal to want these qualities? Yes, but ...

There’s another mindset, the growth mindset, which is based on the belief that your basic qualities are things you can develop through your efforts. Although people may differ in every which way — in their inborn talents, interests, or characters, everyone can change and grow through efforts and experience. Did you know that Darwin and Tolstoy were considered ordinary children? That the photographer Cindy Sherman, who has been on almost every list of the most important artists of the twentieth century, failed her first photography course? That Geraldine Page, one of our greatest actresses, was advised to give it up for lack of talent?

You can see how the belief that valuable qualities can be developed creates a passion(熱情) for learning. Why waste time proving how great you are, when you could be getting better? Why hide weaknesses instead of overcoming them? And why seek out the tried and true, instead of experiences that will better you? The passion for improving yourself and sticking to it, even when it’s not going well, is the feature(特征) of the growth mindset. This is the mindset that allows people to achieve success during some of the most challenging times in their lives.

【1】According to Paragraph 5, the example of Darwin and Tolstoy shows that _________

A.success has nothing to do with natural gifts.

B.it’s difficult to predict one’s future success.

C.achievements can be made through hard work.

D.the valuable qualities can encourage people to learn.

【2】The author strongly believes that we should _________

A.carry out an honest evaluation of our qualities.

B.see success as the only way to prove IQ or talent.

C.focus on self-development rather than self-proving.

D.believe good things will happen during difficult times.

【3】The main purpose of the passage is to _________

A.lead people to take the right mindset.

B.advise people to evaluate their mindset.

C.get people to know the influence of mindset.

D.explain the differences between two mindsets.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】C

【3】C

【解析】

本文是一篇說明文，講的是兩種心態(tài)對人生的影響，即證明自己和發(fā)展自己，作者更傾向于后者，認(rèn)為人們應(yīng)該注重自我發(fā)展而不是自我證明。

【1】題意：根據(jù)本文第5段內(nèi)容，達(dá)爾文和托爾斯泰的例子表明__________。

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第5段內(nèi)容everyone can change and grow through efforts and experience. Did you know that Darwin and Tolstoy were considered ordinary children …可知，作者先是提出了“每個人都可以通過努力和經(jīng)驗來改變和成長”這一觀點，然后舉了達(dá)爾文和列夫托爾斯泰等名人的例子來證明自己觀點的正確性。C選項achievements can be made through hard work“通過努力可以取得成就”符合題意，故選C。

【2】題意：作者堅信我們應(yīng)該__________。

推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第6段You can see how the belief that valuable qualities can be developed creates a passion(熱情) for learning. Why waste time proving how great you are, when you could be getting better?可知，作者認(rèn)為，當(dāng)我們相信有價值的品質(zhì)是可以培養(yǎng)出來的時候，我們將對學(xué)習(xí)產(chǎn)生熱情，當(dāng)一個人可以變得更好的時候，為什么還要浪費時間去證明自己有多偉大？由此處可推斷，作者認(rèn)為人們應(yīng)該注重自我發(fā)展而不是自我證明。C選項focus on self-development rather than self-proving“注重自我發(fā)展而不是自我證明”符合題意，故選C。

【3】題意：這篇文章的主要目的是__________。

主旨大意。通讀本文第1段可知，本文主要內(nèi)容講的是兩種心態(tài)對人生的影響，即證明自己和發(fā)展自己，而作者更傾向于后者，認(rèn)為人們應(yīng)該注重自我發(fā)展而不是自我證明。C選項get people to know the influence of mindset“讓人們了解心態(tài)的影響”符合題意，故選C。