【題目】 Geography is the study of Earth and its climates. Scientists use it to study global warming and track the weather. Governments use it to learn where people live and work and to plan what to do with the land. It is now easier than ever to use geography because of a science called space technology.

The United States launched its first satellite in 1958. Some space missions that followed were geographical studies. In fact, earth science is a big part of the work of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).

Astronauts looked out of the space shuttle. They decided to take photographs of Earth from their vantage point. Over the years, picture quality improved. Shuttle photography now shows land features, such as rivers. It can even show the streets of large cities. Photos of the same places at different times show how the land is changing.

NASA does not use just photographs, though. In 1958 it launched TIROS (the Television Infrared Observation Satellite). This first use of a satellite to study Earth was effective in giving weather forecasts. It led to the creation of new space tools to use in geography.

The Landsat Program began in 1972. This satellite sent detailed views of Earth from space. The pictures were so precise that scientists could count the number and kinds of crops in a field. Landsat showed where Earth’s surface had faults along which earthquakes might happen. This information helped in the planning of new cities and factories. Landsat also made discoveries. In Antarctica it located ranges of unknown mountains. It pinpointed small lakes in Virginia that were no ton maps. Landsat, now more advanced, still flies today.

Another space tool is Earth Observing-1 (EO-1). This spacecraft flies right behind Landsat. It takes pictures of the same sites. The two sets of pictures, viewed together, show how cities grow and how other places, such as rain forests, become smaller over time. This helps scientists learn how people affect geography.

One of the newest space tools is the Geographical Information Systems (GIS). GIS is computer software that helps scientists to study Earth. GIS is different from earlier space tools. Businesses, schools, and even average people — not just the government —can use it to show them how changes in the planet might affect them.

【1】Why do governments study geography according to the passage?

A.To improve the environment.B.To make the land use plan.

C.To make new discoveries.D.To count the crops in a field.

【2】Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A.The U.S. satellite program began in 1972.B.Landsat was able to take pictures of other planets.

C.TIROS was successful in giving weather forecasts.D.GIS can only be used by the government.

【3】From the passage, we can infer that ________.

A.GIS is the newest computer to study Earth

B.NASA only depends on photos to study Earth

C.satellite pictures can give more detailed information

D.recent U.S. satellites are as advanced as the old ones

【答案】

【1】B

【2】C

【3】C

【解析】

短文大意：本文是科技類閱讀，介紹了觀測(cè)衛(wèi)星在地理研究方面的應(yīng)用，以美國(guó)為例重點(diǎn)介紹了幾種地球觀測(cè)衛(wèi)星的應(yīng)用特點(diǎn)。

【1】題意：根據(jù)文章，政府為什么要學(xué)習(xí)研究地理？考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。A. 改善環(huán)境。B. 制定土地利用規(guī)劃。C. 做出新的發(fā)現(xiàn)。D. 計(jì)算田地里的莊稼。根據(jù)第一段“Governments use it to learn where people live and work and to plan what to do with the land. 政府利用它來了解人們?cè)谀睦锷詈凸ぷ鳎⒂?jì)劃如何利用土地”，可知選B。

【2】題意：根據(jù)文章，下列哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)是正確的？考查細(xì)節(jié)判斷。A. 美國(guó)的衛(wèi)星計(jì)劃始于1972年；根據(jù)“The United States launched its first satellite in 1958 …The Landsat Program began in 1972”可知說法錯(cuò)誤。B. Landsat能夠拍攝其他行星的照片；根據(jù)“This satellite sent detailed views of Earth from space”可知說法錯(cuò)誤。C. TIROS成功地做了天氣預(yù)報(bào)；根據(jù)“In 1958 it launched TIROS (the Television Infrared Observation Satellite). This first use of a satellite to study Earth was effective in giving weather forecasts”可知說法正確。D. GIS只能由政府使用；根據(jù)最后一句“Businesses, schools, and even average people-not just the government-can use it to show them how changes in the planet might affect them”可知說法錯(cuò)誤。綜合以上分析，故選C。

【3】題意：從文中，我們可以推斷________�？疾橥评砼袛唷�A. GIS是研究地球的最新計(jì)算機(jī)；根據(jù)“One of the newest space tools is the Geographical Information Systems”可知說法錯(cuò)誤。B. 美國(guó)宇航局只依靠照片來研究地球；根據(jù)“NASA does not use just photographs, though”可知說法錯(cuò)誤。C. 衛(wèi)星圖片可以提供更詳細(xì)的信息；根據(jù)“Over the years, picture quality improved”，結(jié)合本段及第五段的描述，可知衛(wèi)星圖片可以提供更詳細(xì)的信息，說法正確。D. 最近的美國(guó)衛(wèi)星和舊的一樣先進(jìn)；根據(jù)“GIS is different from earlier space tools. Businesses, schools, and even average people-not just the government-can use it to show them how changes in the planet might affect them”可知GIS優(yōu)于早期的空間工具，說法錯(cuò)誤。綜合以上分析，故選C。

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