Question

【題目】 Sometimes our body does things we don't ask it to do. Sneezing(打噴嚏),coughing, blinking(眨眼睛)and even yawning(打哈欠)are examples of involuntary movements or reflex actions(反射動作). What makes our body do these things?

These involuntary actions are a response(反應)to a stimulus(刺激). When we do these things, our body is trying to protect itself. If an irritant(刺激物)such as pollen(花粉)from plants gets into our nose or nasal passages(鼻腔通道),our body sneezes to get it out. If we breathe in dust, our body coughs to remove it from our lungs(肺)or windpipe. We blink in order to keep our eyes clean and moist(濕潤)and to prevent dust and other things from staying on them. A yawn is our body's way of making us put more oxygen into our bloodstream.

. These involuntary movements happen because our brain is giving out signals. There is a system of nerves(神經(jīng))called the central nervous system, that covers our entire body: from the brain, down the spinal cord(脊髓)inside our spinal column (the bones that do down our back,to the tips of our fingers and toes. When our body parts sense certain things, like a mosquito蚊子)bite, a message is sent to our brain. Then the brain sends a message back to itch(發(fā)癢).

Without these reflex actions, we would not live very long.

【1】What is the passage mainly about?

A.We would not live long without movements.B.Why our body does involuntary movements.

C.We sneeze to get out an irritant such as pollen.D.How our brain is giving out signals to our nerves.

【2】If dust comes into our eyes, we will________ to protect our body.

A.coughB.sneezeC.blinkD.yawn

【3】Which of the following sentences can be put at the beginning of Paragraph 3?

A.What tells our body to take care of us the way it does?

B.Don't you think it is interesting for our body to do so?

C.What can we do when involuntary movements happen?

D.How can we avoid stimulus to protect our own body?

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】B

【2】C

【3】A

【解析】

我們的身體經(jīng)常會做出一些不自主的反應，如打噴嚏、打哈欠、眨眼、咳嗽等，為什么會這樣呢？這篇短文給我們做了詳細的介紹。

【1】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文意以及短文第一段“Sneezing(打噴嚏),coughing, blinking(眨眼睛)and even yawning(打哈欠)are examples of involuntary movements or reflex actions(反射動作). What makes our body do these things?”可知，這篇短文給我們介紹的是我們的身體為什么會做出一些不自主的反應。故選B。

【2】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文第二段“We blink in order to keep our eyes clean and moist(濕潤)and to prevent dust and other things from staying on them.”可知，當有灰塵進入我們的眼睛時，我們會眨眼，保持眼睛的干凈和濕潤。故選C。

【3】推理判斷題。該空位于這一段的開頭，一般這個位置是該段的主旨句，因此結合這一段的內容尤其是空格后的這句話“These involuntary movements happen because our brain is giving out signals.” “這些不自主的動作是因為我們的大腦在發(fā)出信號”可知，這里介紹的是“是什么告訴我們的身體用這種方式保護我們”。故選A。

這是一篇科普類的說明文，短文是來告訴我們一些知識的，內容有關于我們自己的身體，話題非常熟悉，學生們也易于理解。這種題材的文章往往中心比較明確，結構清晰，易于學生們把握文章大意。題目設置比較全面，有細節(jié)理解、推理判斷和主旨大意，細節(jié)題要稍簡單，答案常可以直接在原文找到，做題時把握兩個方面：一是從題干中確定一個關鍵詞；二是利用關鍵詞在短文中定位。推理題考查學生們依據(jù)文章內容進行合理的猜測或者判斷，有時短文中并沒有直接告訴我們答案，我們應根據(jù)文章的邏輯進行猜測；還有的題目考查判斷正誤，學生們需要閱讀文章多處信息作答。主旨題應注意結合全文大意，一般來說，文章的主旨句常常出現(xiàn)在首段首尾句或尾段首尾句，因此這幾個位置是學生們需要特別注意的地方。