Question

【題目】 Do you enjoy hitting the books? It doesn’t mean you enjoy beating your books with your hand. That may be reasonable if you don’t understand something inside your books. Hitting the books just means that you are studying hard. You can learn a lot when you hit the books.【1】Especially before exams, most students spend a lot of time hitting the books to get good grades.

This is just one example of expressions that can’t be understood by taking them apart（分開(kāi)）word by word. Expressions like this are called idioms（習(xí)語(yǔ)）. They are an important part of a culture’s language. Languages and cultures are closely connected. One example of an idiom in the Chinese language is “dui niu tan qin”, or “to play the lute（撥弦樂(lè)器）to a cow.”【2】這意味著某人在說(shuō)話(huà)或?qū)懽鲿r(shí)不考慮其聽(tīng)眾或讀者。

Let’s get back to idioms that begin with the word “hit”【3】 There are many of them in English, but it’s not that easy for you to understand.

One common idiom you may hear in English is “hit the road”. It means to leave or to go. You can say, “Hey, I need to hit the road. Can we talk about this another time?” Or simply, “It’s time to hit the road.” When you are tired and you want to go to bed, you can say, “I need to hit the hay（干草）.” It means you want to go to sleep.【4】 That’s because a bed was often a big bag with hay inside in the past.

【5】 習(xí)語(yǔ)使你的語(yǔ)言生動(dòng)而有趣。 Let’s hit the road to learn some and try to use them.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】尤其在考試前，大多數(shù)學(xué)生為了取得好成績(jī)而花許多時(shí)間努力學(xué)習(xí)。

【2】It means someone speaks or writes without considering his listeners or readers.

【3】英語(yǔ)中有很多這樣的習(xí)語(yǔ)，但理解起來(lái)并不那么容易。

【4】那是因?yàn)樵谶^(guò)去床常常是填充著干草的大袋子。

【5】Idioms make your language lively and interesting.

【解析】

短文介紹了語(yǔ)言中一些習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)的表達(dá)。它們是語(yǔ)言文化的重要組成部分，不能逐字分開(kāi)來(lái)理解。例如漢語(yǔ)中的“對(duì)牛彈琴”意思是某人在說(shuō)話(huà)或?qū)懽鲿r(shí)不考慮其聽(tīng)眾或讀者。英語(yǔ)中也有很多這樣的習(xí)語(yǔ)，但理解起來(lái)并不那么容易。例如“hit the book”的意思是“努力學(xué)習(xí)”， “hit the road”的意思是“走或離開(kāi)”，“hit the hay”的意思是“睡覺(jué)，就寢”。

【1】Especially“特別，尤其”；spend some time doing sth.花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事；hit the books習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)，意思是“用功啃書(shū)本，努力學(xué)習(xí)”；to get good grades取得好成績(jī)，動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。故答案為：尤其在考試前，大多數(shù)學(xué)生為了取得好成績(jī)而花許多時(shí)間努力學(xué)習(xí)。

【2】mean“意味著”；后面可以跟that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句（that可以省略）。不定代詞someone作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，視作第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，句子為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用三單形式；speaks or writes說(shuō)話(huà)或?qū)懽鳎?/span>without doing sth.不做某事。without considering his listeners or readers. 不考慮其聽(tīng)眾或讀者。主語(yǔ)可以用it替代。故答案為It means someone speaks or writes without considering his listeners or readers.

【3】此句是there be句型，意思是“有”；in English在英語(yǔ)中，此處不能翻譯成“用英語(yǔ)”；It’s+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.做某事對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)怎么樣，that用作副詞，修飾easy，意為“如此，那么”；注意后一個(gè)句子是否定句。故答案為：英語(yǔ)中有很多這樣的習(xí)語(yǔ)，但理解起來(lái)并不那么容易。

【4】because“因?yàn)椋�由于”�?/span>with hay inside“里面有干草”，介詞短語(yǔ)用作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾bed，a big bag with hay inside填充著干草的大袋子；in the past在過(guò)去。故答案為：那是因?yàn)樵谶^(guò)去床常常是填充著干草的大袋子。

【5】此句考查make的一種用法：make +賓語(yǔ)+形容詞（作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）；lively and interesting生動(dòng)而有趣；介紹用途或功能時(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)idioms（習(xí)語(yǔ)）用作復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)詞原形。故答案為Idioms make your language lively and interesting。