Question

【題目】 A new study shows that negative ( 消極的) punishments to dogs while training can bring long-term bad effects to the animal. The latest study paid attention to some dogs for humans. Such dogs are often thought of as part of the family and need training on how to behave around people.

Researchers from Portugual’s University of Porto led the study. The researchers carried out experiments including two kinds of dog training methods — reward-based and aversive( 令人厭惡的). Reward-based methods include giving the dog food or praise when the animal completes wanted behavior. Aversive methods depend on the use of some kinds of negative actions, such as shouting, pushing or pulling the dog to let it do something.

The study included 92 dogs. 42 of them got reward-based training and the others received aversive training. Researchers did these experiments to find both short-term and long-term effects of the two training methods.

Researchers recorded the training. They reported that dogs from the aversive training group have more stress-related behavior than those in the reward-based group. It clearly shows the short-term effects of aversive training methods.

In order to find the long-term effects, the dogs took part in an exercise for about a month after the training. The dogs were put in a room with food bowls. Researchers looked at how quickly and excitedly the dogs went to the bowls. The researchers reported that after getting aversive training, the dogs were more “pessimistic (悲觀的)” in behavior than those getting reward-based training.

【1】Why do dogs need training on how to behave around people?

A.Because people see them as family members.B.Because people see them as friends.

C.Because people see as travel guides.D.Because people see them as the police.

【2】What does the second paragraph mainly tell us?

A.Researchers of the study.B.Two kinds of ways to train dogs.

C.Good behavior of dogs.D.The reasons to do the study.

【3】What CANNOT we know in the passage?

A.The researchers are from Portugual’s University of Porto.

B.Reward-based methods include praising dogs.

C.Dogs would be excited after getting aversive training.

D.Shouting to dogs often is harmful to them.

【4】What’s the best title of the passage?

A.Groups of dog trainers.B.The experiences with dog training.

C.How to let dogs behave well.D.Negative punishments are bad for dogs.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】A

【2】B

【3】C

【4】D

【解析】

文章大意：文章主要講的是一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，訓(xùn)練時對狗的負(fù)面懲罰會給動物帶來長期的不良影響。

【1】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段第二、三行“Such dogs are often thought of as part of the family and need training on how to behave around people”“這種狗通常被認(rèn)為是家庭的一部分，需要訓(xùn)練如何在人周圍表現(xiàn)得體”，故選A。

【2】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段第一、二行“The researchers carried out experiments including two kinds of dog training methods”“研究人員進(jìn)行了包括兩種狗的訓(xùn)練方法的實(shí)驗(yàn)”可知，第二段主要告訴了我們兩種訓(xùn)練狗的方式，故選B。

【3】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第一行“Researchers from Portugual’s University of Porto led the study”“Portugual’s University of Porto的研究人員開始了這項(xiàng)研究”可知，A說法是正確的；根據(jù)文章第二段第三、四行“Reward-based methods include giving the dog food or praise when the animal completes wanted behavior”“基于獎勵的方法包括當(dāng)動物完成想要的行為時給予狗食物或表揚(yáng)”可知，B說法是正確的；根據(jù)文章第四段第一、二行“They reported that dogs from the aversive training group have more stress-related behavior than those in the reward-based group”“他們報告說，來自厭惡訓(xùn)練組的狗比那些基于獎勵的組有更多的與壓力相關(guān)的行為”可知，C說法是錯誤的；根據(jù)文章第一段第一、二行“A new study shows that negative ( 消極的) punishments to dogs while training can bring long-term bad effects to the animal”“一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，訓(xùn)練時對狗的負(fù)面懲罰會給動物帶來長期的不良影響”可知，D說法是正確的，故選C。

【4】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段第一、二行“A new study shows that negative ( 消極的) punishments to dogs while training can bring long-term bad effects to the animal”“一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，訓(xùn)練時對狗的負(fù)面懲罰會給動物帶來長期的不良影響”可知，文章主要講的是消極的懲罰對狗是有害的，故選D。